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A fecal impaction or an impacted bowel is a solid, immobile bulk of feces that can develop in the rectum as a result of chronic constipation [1] (a related term is fecal loading which refers to a large volume of stool in the rectum of any consistency). [2]
Complications, including infection, urinary retention, bleeding, anastomotic dehiscence (opening of the stitched edges inside), rectal stricture (narrowing of the gut lumen), diarrhea, and fecal impaction occur in 6-32% of cases. [5] [10] Mortality occurs in 0–2.5% cases. [10] There is a higher recurrence rate than abdominal approaches (7-26% ...
[3] [7] [8] Rates of volvulus in the United States are about 2–3 per 100,000 people per year. [2] [4] Sigmoid and cecal volvulus typically occurs between the ages of 30 and 70. [1] [9] Outcomes are related to whether or not the bowel tissue has died. [2] The term volvulus is from the Latin "volvere"; which means "to roll". [3]
Fecal impaction can occur as well, says Khan, “which is when stool stays in the rectum for so long that it becomes dry and cannot be expelled naturally, so it must be removed with [a health care ...
Bowel infarction or gangrenous bowel represents an irreversible injury to the intestine resulting from insufficient blood flow. It is considered a medical emergency because it can quickly result in life-threatening infection and death. [1]
Liquid stool may leak around a fecal impaction, possibly causing degrees of liquid fecal incontinence. This is usually termed encopresis or soiling in children, and fecal leakage, soiling or liquid fecal incontinence in adults. Anismus is usually treated with dietary adjustments, such as dietary fiber supplementation.
Many patients are diagnosed late in the course of disease after additional symptoms are seen. Mortality is also difficult to accurately determine. One retrospective study estimated mortality to be between 10 and 25% for chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) and to vary greatly depending on the etiology of the condition. [5]
It can form secondary to fecal impaction. A fecaloma is a more severe form of fecal impaction, and a hardened fecaloma may be considered a giant fecalith. The term is from the Greek líthos =stone.