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A fecal impaction or an impacted bowel is a solid, immobile bulk of feces that can develop in the rectum as a result of chronic constipation [1] (a related term is fecal loading which refers to a large volume of stool in the rectum of any consistency). [2]
In the general population rates of constipation are 2–30 percent. [7] Among elderly people living in a care home the rate of constipation is 50–75 percent. [11] People in the United States spend more than US$250 million on medications for constipation a year. [14]
In 1980, gastroenteritis from all causes caused 4.6 million deaths in children, with the majority occurring in the developing world. [73] Death rates were reduced significantly (to approximately 1.5 million deaths annually) by 2000, largely due to the introduction and widespread use of oral rehydration therapy. [80]
Complications, including infection, urinary retention, bleeding, anastomotic dehiscence (opening of the stitched edges inside), rectal stricture (narrowing of the gut lumen), diarrhea, and fecal impaction occur in 6-32% of cases. [5] [10] Mortality occurs in 0–2.5% cases. [10] There is a higher recurrence rate than abdominal approaches (7-26% ...
Bowel infarction or gangrenous bowel represents an irreversible injury to the intestine resulting from insufficient blood flow. It is considered a medical emergency because it can quickly result in life-threatening infection and death. [1]
Many patients are diagnosed late in the course of disease after additional symptoms are seen. Mortality is also difficult to accurately determine. One retrospective study estimated mortality to be between 10 and 25% for chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) and to vary greatly depending on the etiology of the condition. [5]
It can form secondary to fecal impaction. A fecaloma is a more severe form of fecal impaction, and a hardened fecaloma may be considered a giant fecalith. The term is from the Greek líthos =stone.
Fecal vomiting or copremesis is a kind of vomiting wherein the material vomited is of fecal origin. It is a common symptom of gastrojejunocolic fistula and intestinal obstruction in the ileum . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Fecal vomiting is often accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms, including abdominal pain , abdominal distension , dehydration , and diarrhea .