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  2. Shrinkage (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrinkage_(statistics)

    In statistics, shrinkage is the reduction in the effects of sampling variation. In regression analysis, a fitted relationship appears to perform less well on a new data set than on the data set used for fitting. [1]

  3. Incompressible surface - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incompressible_surface

    In mathematics, an incompressible surface is a surface properly embedded in a 3-manifold, which, in intuitive terms, is a "nontrivial" surface that cannot be simplified.In non-mathematical terms, the surface of a suitcase is compressible, because we could cut the handle and shrink it into the surface.

  4. Monotonic function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monotonic_function

    In mathematics, a monotonic function (or monotone function) is a function between ordered sets that preserves or reverses the given order. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] This concept first arose in calculus , and was later generalized to the more abstract setting of order theory .

  5. Undefined (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undefined_(mathematics)

    In mathematics, the term undefined refers to a value, function, or other expression that cannot be assigned a meaning within a specific formal system. [1] Attempting to assign or use an undefined value within a particular formal system, may produce contradictory or meaningless results within that system.

  6. Scaling (geometry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scaling_(geometry)

    Each iteration of the Sierpinski triangle contains triangles related to the next iteration by a scale factor of 1/2. In affine geometry, uniform scaling (or isotropic scaling [1]) is a linear transformation that enlarges (increases) or shrinks (diminishes) objects by a scale factor that is the same in all directions (isotropically).

  7. Retraction (topology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retraction_(topology)

    In topology, a branch of mathematics, a retraction is a continuous mapping from a topological space into a subspace that preserves the position of all points in that subspace. [1] The subspace is then called a retract of the original space. A deformation retraction is a mapping that captures the idea of continuously shrinking a space into a ...

  8. Why do you shrink when you get older? Experts explain

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/why-shrink-older-experts...

    But your height can change with age, and it's no myth — you shrink with time. Yep, age-related height loss is a typical part of getting older.

  9. Glossary of mathematical jargon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_mathematical...

    Rigor is a cornerstone quality of mathematics, and can play an important role in preventing mathematics from degenerating into fallacies. well-behaved An object is well-behaved (in contrast with being Pathological ) if it satisfies certain prevailing regularity properties, or if it conforms to mathematical intuition (even though intuition can ...