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Evidence governs the use of testimony (e.g., oral or written statements, such as an affidavit), exhibits (e.g., physical objects), documentary material, or demonstrative evidence, which are admissible (i.e., allowed to be considered by the trier of fact, such as jury) in a judicial or administrative proceeding (e.g., a court of law).
In United States law, the Frye standard, Frye test, or general acceptance test is a judicial test used in some U.S. state courts to determine the admissibility of scientific evidence. It provides that expert opinion based on a scientific technique is admissible only when the technique is generally accepted as reliable in the relevant scientific ...
For evidence to be admissible, it must tend to prove or disprove some fact at issue in the proceeding. [2] However, if the utility of this evidence is outweighed by its tendency to cause the fact finder to disapprove of the party it is introduced against for some unrelated reason, it is not admissible.
Relevance, in the common law of evidence, is the tendency of a given item of evidence to prove or disprove one of the legal elements of the case, or to have probative value to make one of the elements of the case likelier or not.
The Act moves some of the focus of hearsay evidence to weight, rather than admissibility, setting out considerations in assessing the evidence (set out in summary form): [16] Reasonableness of the party calling the evidence to have produced the original maker; Whether the original statement was made at or near the same time as the evidence it ...
Among several types of admissions, the rule notes that an admission can be the "party's own statement" or a statement in which the "party has manifested an adoption or belief in its truth." [4] Under both common law and the Federal Rules of Evidence, an admission becomes legally invalid after nine years from the date of the initial admission.
Under the common law, such evidence was at one time considered hearsay - a statement made out of court being introduced to prove the truth of the statement - and was not admissible except to rebut the testimony of an opposing expert witness. There were four ways to introduce such evidence: [citation needed]
The best evidence rule is only applied in situations where a party attempts to substantiate a non-original document submitted as evidence during a trial. [7] Admissibility of documents before state court systems may vary. In Australia, the rule was effectively abolished with the 1995 enactment of the Uniform Evidence Law. [8]