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Infant cognitive development is the first stage of human cognitive development, in the youngest children. The academic field of infant cognitive development studies of how psychological processes involved in thinking and knowing develop in young children. [ 1 ]
Infants are usually born weighing between 5 pounds 8 ounces (2,500 g) and 8 pounds 13 ounces (4,000 g), but infants born prematurely often weigh less. [ 17 ] Newborns typically lose 7–10% of their birth weight in the first few days, but they usually regain it within two weeks.
The Gesell Developmental Schedules claimed that an appraisal of the developmental status of infants and young children could be made. The Gesell Developmental Schedule believes that human development unfolds in stages, or in sequences over a given time period. These stages were considered milestones, or the manifestations of mental development. [1]
Cognitive development is a field of study in neuroscience and psychology focusing on a child's development in terms of information processing, conceptual resources, perceptual skill, language learning, and other aspects of the developed adult brain and cognitive psychology.
MRI can be used to track brain activity, growth, and connectivity in children, [74] and can track brain development from when a child is a fetus. [75] EEG can be used to diagnose seizures and encephalopathy, but the conceptual age of the infant must be considered when analyzing the results.
The region of the brain that is most affected by increased levels of cortisol and other glucocorticoids is the hippocampus. [25] Research has found that infants and young children with higher cortisol levels produce smaller electrical changes in their brain when they are forming memories. [25] This impairs new memory formation. [25]
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Object permanence is the understanding that whether an object can be sensed has no effect on whether it continues to exist.This is a fundamental concept studied in the field of developmental psychology, the subfield of psychology that addresses the development of young children's social and mental capacities.