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Nameplate capacity, also known as the rated capacity, nominal capacity, installed capacity, maximum effect or gross capacity, [1] is the intended full-load sustained output of a facility such as a power station, [2] [3] electric generator, a chemical plant, [4] fuel plant, mine, [5] metal refinery, [6] and many others.
The nominal power of PV devices is measured under standard test conditions (STC), specified in standards such as IEC 61215, IEC 61646 and UL 1703. Specifically, the light intensity is 1000 W/m 2, with a spectrum similar to sunlight hitting the Earth's surface at latitude 35°N in the summer (airmass 1.5), the temperature of the cells being 25 °C.
The plate frequently contains the names of the machine and its manufacturer, so the rating plate is often called a name plate (hence the term "nameplate capacity" for a generator), although many devices carry separate nameplates and rating plates. [1]
Nominal power is the nameplate capacity of photovoltaic (PV) devices, such as solar cells, panels and systems, and is determined by measuring the electric current and voltage in a circuit, while varying the resistance under precisely defined conditions.
Certain onshore wind farms can reach capacity factors of over 60%, for example the 44 MW Eolo plant in Nicaragua had a net generation of 232.132 GWh in 2015, equivalent to a capacity factor of 60.2%, [7] while United States annual capacity factors from 2013 through 2016 range from 32.2% to 34.7%.
The capacity credit can be much lower than the capacity factor (CF): in a not very probable scenario, if the riskiest time for the power system is after sunset, the capacity credit for solar power without coupled energy storage is zero regardless of its CF [3] (under this scenario all existing conventional power plants would have to be retained after the solar installation is added).
Vehicle-to-grid is a system under development allowing electric cars to provide power to the grid at times of high demand, low supply from e.g. wind and solar power and therefore high prices, and charge the car again when the price is lower, based on the energy need the car owner has defined in the car settings (such as need for long distance ...
An idealized representation of the four kinds of reserve power and the time intervals after an unexpected failure that they are in use. [1]In electricity networks, the operating reserve is the generating capacity available to the system operator within a short interval of time to meet demand in case a generator goes down or there is another disruption to the supply.