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Distances Between Ports (PUB 151) is a publication that lists the distances between major ports. Reciprocal distances between two ports may differ due to the different routes of currents and climatic conditions chosen.
A 1976 United States NOAA chart of part of Puerto Rico A nautical chart of the Warnemünde harbor shown on OpenSeaMap. A nautical chart or hydrographic chart is a graphic representation of a sea region or water body and adjacent coasts or banks.
In sailing and boating, a vessel's freeboard is the distance from the waterline to the upper deck level, measured at the lowest point of sheer where water can enter the boat or ship. [1] In commercial vessels, the latter criterion measured relative to the ship's load line, regardless of deck arrangements, is the mandated and regulated meaning. [2]
A nautical mile is a unit of length used in air, marine, and space navigation, and for the definition of territorial waters. [2] [3] [4] Historically, it was defined as the meridian arc length corresponding to one minute ( 1 / 60 of a degree) of latitude at the equator, so that Earth's polar circumference is very near to 21,600 nautical miles (that is 60 minutes × 360 degrees).
Since autumn 2009, a dedicated server has been available and the project is engaged in several collaborations with other free projects and organizations. In January 2010, OpenSeaMap was given a booth at boot Düsseldorf , Europe's largest boat show, allowing volunteers to present the project to a large audience of specialists for the first time.
Charts are maps of the areas to be navigated with details specific to the marine environment. Computing aids: used in the necessary mathematical calculations. Today electronic computers or calculators are used. Other traditional aids used included tables (trigonometric, logarithms, etc.) and slide rules.
The Hydrographic Department began printing charts in 1800, with the acquisition of its first printing press. [3] Initially charts were produced only for use by the Navy, but in 1821, Thomas Hurd, who had succeeded Dalrymple as Hydrographer in 1808, persuaded the Admiralty to allow sales to the public.
Two sample pages of the 2002 Nautical Almanac published by the U.S. Naval Observatory. A nautical almanac is a publication describing the positions of a selection of celestial bodies for the purpose of enabling navigators to use celestial navigation to determine the position of their ship while at sea.