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CMOS inverter (a NOT logic gate). Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS, pronounced "sea-moss ", / s iː m ɑː s /, /-ɒ s /) is a type of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) fabrication process that uses complementary and symmetrical pairs of p-type and n-type MOSFETs for logic functions. [1]
A translinear circuit is a circuit that carries out its function using the translinear principle. These are current-mode circuits that can be made using transistors that obey an exponential current-voltage characteristic—this includes bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) and CMOS transistors in weak inversion.
The transistor channel length is smaller in modern CMOS technologies, which makes achieving high gain in single-stage amplifiers very challenging. To achieve high gain, the literature has suggested many techniques. [6] [7] [8] The following sections look at different amplifier topologies and their features.
An organic field-effect transistor (OFET) is a field-effect transistor using an organic semiconductor in its channel. OFETs can be prepared either by vacuum evaporation of small molecules, by solution-casting of polymers or small molecules, or by mechanical transfer of a peeled single-crystalline organic layer onto a substrate.
When the Wilson current mirror is used in CMOS circuits, it is usually in the four transistor form as in Fig. 5. [10] If the transistor pairs M1/M2 and M3/M4 are exactly matched and the input and output potentials are approximately equal, then in principle there is no static error, the input and output currents are equal because there is no low ...
Samsung announced that it had begun mass production of multi-level cell (MLC) flash memory chips using a 10 nm process in 2013. [120] On 17 October 2016, Samsung Electronics announced mass production of SoC chips at 10 nm. [121] TSMC began commercial production of 10 nm chips in early 2016, before moving onto mass production in early 2017. [122]
The dynamic (switching) power consumption of CMOS circuits is proportional to frequency. [8] Historically, the transistor power reduction afforded by Dennard scaling allowed manufacturers to drastically raise clock frequencies from one generation to the next without significantly increasing overall circuit power consumption.
Domino logic is a CMOS-based evolution of dynamic logic techniques consisting of a dynamic logic gate cascaded into a static CMOS inverter. [2] The term derives from the fact that in domino logic, each stage ripples the next stage for evaluation, similar to dominoes falling one after the other .