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CMOS inverter (a NOT logic gate). Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS, / ˈ s iː m ɒ s /, also US: /-ɔː s / [1]) is a type of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) fabrication process that uses complementary and symmetrical pairs of p-type and n-type MOSFETs for logic functions. [2]
A translinear circuit is a circuit that carries out its function using the translinear principle. These are current-mode circuits that can be made using transistors that obey an exponential current-voltage characteristic—this includes bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) and CMOS transistors in weak inversion.
Transistor–transistor logic uses bipolar transistors to form its integrated circuits. [12] TTL has changed significantly over the years, with newer versions replacing the older types. Since the transistors of a standard TTL gate are saturated switches, minority carrier storage time in each junction limits the switching speed of the device.
Schematic of two stages of CMOS inverter, showing input and output voltage-time plots. I on and I off (along with I DG, I SD and I DB components) indicate technologically controlled factors. Credit: Prof. Robert Dutton in CRC Electronic Design Automation for IC Handbook, Vol II, Chapter 25, by permission.
The subthreshold slope is a feature of a MOSFET's current–voltage characteristic.. In the subthreshold region, the drain current behaviour—though being controlled by the gate terminal—is similar to the exponentially decreasing current of a forward biased diode.
A CMOS transistor NAND element. V dd denotes positive voltage.. In CMOS logic, if both of the A and B inputs are high, then both the NMOS transistors (bottom half of the diagram) will conduct, neither of the PMOS transistors (top half) will conduct, and a conductive path will be established between the output and Vss (ground), bringing the output low.
In high performance CMOS (complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor) amplifier circuits, transistors are not only used to amplify the signal but are also used as active loads to achieve higher gain and output swing in comparison with resistive loads. [1] [2] [3] CMOS technology was introduced primarily for digital circuit design.
Multi-threshold CMOS (MTCMOS) is a variation of CMOS chip technology which has transistors with multiple threshold voltages (V th) in order to optimize delay or power.The V th of a MOSFET is the gate voltage where an inversion layer forms at the interface between the insulating layer (oxide) and the substrate (body) of the transistor.