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These two single-stranded segments are the "sticky ends" of what is called the cos site. The cos site circularizes the DNA in the host cytoplasm. In its circular form, the phage genome, therefore, is 48,502 base pairs in length. [8] The lambda genome can be inserted into the E. coli chromosome and is then called a prophage. See section below ...
An example of a bacteriophage known to follow the lysogenic cycle and the lytic cycle is the phage lambda of E. coli. [55] Sometimes prophages may provide benefits to the host bacterium while they are dormant by adding new functions to the bacterial genome , in a phenomenon called lysogenic conversion .
Antitermination in lambda is induced by two quite distinct mechanisms. The first is the result of interaction between lambda N protein and its targets in the early phage transcripts, and the second is the result of an interaction between the lambda Q protein and its target in the late phage promoter. We describe the N mechanism first.
Lambdavirus (synonyms Lambda-like viruses, Lambda-like phages, Lambda phage group, Lambda phage) is a genus of viruses in the class Caudoviricetes. Bacteria serve as natural hosts, with transmission achieved through passive diffusion. There are five species in this genus.
Exodeoxyribonuclease (lambda-induced) (EC 3.1.11.3, lambda exonuclease, phage lambda-induced exonuclease, Escherichia coli exonuclease IV, E. coli exonuclease IV, exodeoxyribonuclease IV, exonuclease IV) is an exonuclease. [1] [2] This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
The RM system was first discovered by Salvatore Luria and Mary Human in 1952 and 1953. [1] [2] They found that a bacteriophage growing within an infected bacterium could be modified, so that upon their release and re-infection of a related bacterium the bacteriophage's growth is restricted (inhibited; also described by Luria in his autobiography on pages 45 and 99 in 1984). [3]
In molecular biology, the Cro repressor family is a family of repressor proteins in bacteriophage lambda that includes the Cro repressor.. Bacteriophage lambda encodes two repressors: the Cro repressor that acts to turn off early gene transcription during the lytic cycle, and the lambda or cI repressor required to maintain lysogenic growth.
cII is the central “switchman” in the lambda phage bistable genetic switch, allowing environmental and cellular conditions to factor into the decision to lysogenize or to lyse its host. [ 4 ] cII acts as a transcriptional activator of three promoters on the phage genome : pI, pRE, and pAQ.