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The American War-Dog, a 1916 political cartoon by Oscar Cesare, with the dog named "Jingo". Jingoism is nationalism in the form of aggressive and proactive foreign policy, such as a country's advocacy for the use of threats or actual force, as opposed to peaceful relations, in efforts to safeguard what it perceives as its national interests. [1]
Jingoism, aggressive nationalism; Empress Jingū (also Jingū or Jingō), a legendary empress of Japan; Jingo, from the Discworld series "Jin-go-lo-ba" or "Jingo", a 1959 song by Babatunde Olatunji, covered by multiple artists; Jingo, Kansas, a community in the United States; Jingo, West Virginia, an unincorporated community in the United States
[2] [4] [8] This French quality finds its parallel in the English-language term jingoism, which has retained the meaning of chauvinism strictly in its original sense; that is, an attitude of belligerent nationalism. [8] [9] [10] In 1945, political theorist Hannah Arendt described the concept thus:
An excess of patriotism is called chauvinism; another related term is jingoism. The English word "patriot" derived from "compatriot", in the 1590s, from Middle French patriote in the 15th century. The French word's compatriote and patriote originated directly from Late Latin patriota "fellow-countryman" in the 6th century.
The chorus of an 1878 song [3] by G. H. MacDermott (singer) and George William Hunt (songwriter) commonly sung in pubs and music halls of the Victorian era gave birth to the term "jingoism". The song was written in response to the surrender of Plevna to Russia during the Russo-Turkish War, by which the road to Constantinople was open.
Its plural in English is "vatniks", or less commonly, "vata", via a direct transliteration of the Russian collective ва́та. Vyshyvatnik (Russian: вышиватник, romanized: vyshivatnik) is an equivalent insult for an overly patriotic Ukrainian, and is a blend of "vatnik" and vyshyvanka, a traditional type of Ukrainian embroidered shirt.
George Jacob Holyoake (13 April 1817 – 22 January 1906) was an English secularist, co-operator and newspaper editor. He coined the terms secularism in 1851 [1] and "jingoism" in 1878. [2] He edited a secularist paper, the Reasoner, from 1846 to June 1861, and a co-operative one, The English Leader, in 1864–1867. [3]
William Randolph Hearst Sr. (/ h ɜːr s t /; [1] April 29, 1863 – August 14, 1951) was an American newspaper publisher and politician who developed the nation's largest newspaper chain and media company, Hearst Communications.