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The first expanded polystyrene ICF Wall forms were developed in the late 1960s with the expiration of the original patent and the advent of modern foam plastics by BASF. [citation needed] Canadian contractor Werner Gregori filed the first patent for a foam concrete form in 1966 with a block "measuring 16 inches high by 48 inches long with a tongue-and-groove interlock, metal ties, and a waffle ...
The ACI Building Code Requirements put the following restrictions on amount of spiral reinforcement. ACI Code 7.10.4.2: For cast-in-place construction, size of spirals shall not be less than 3/8 in. diameter. ACI Code 7.10.4.3: Clear spacing between spirals shall not exceed 3 in., nor be less than 1in.
Bigger spans can be achieved with less material, being more economical and environmentally friendly; Some people find the waffle pattern aesthetically pleasing [4] Greater load capacity than traditional one-way slabs; Forms can be implemented with wood, concrete or steel; If holes are provided between the ribs, building services can be run ...
The structure was constructed of reinforced concrete frames with hollow clay tile ribbed flooring and hollow clay tile infill walls. That practice was strongly questioned by experts and recommendations for "pure" concrete construction were made, using reinforced concrete for the floors and walls as well as the frames. [20]
EPS is the most common of the foams used and has an R-value (thermal resistance) of about 4 °F·ft 2 ·h/Btu (equivalent to about 0.7 K·m 2 /W) per 25 mm thickness, which would give the 3.5 inches (89 mm) of foam in a 4.5-inch-thick (110 mm) panel an R value of 13.8 (caution: extrapolating R-values over thickness may be imprecise due to non ...
In the 1950s, the concept of composite materials came into being and fiber-reinforced concrete was one of the topics of interest. Once the health risks associated with asbestos were discovered, there was a need to find a replacement for the substance in concrete and other building materials.
A slurry wall is a civil engineering technique used to build reinforced concrete walls in areas of soft earth close to open water, or with a high groundwater table. [1] This technique is typically used to build diaphragm (water-blocking) walls surrounding tunnels and open cuts, and to lay foundations .
Hollow-core slabs and wall elements without prestressed steel wire can be formed by extruders. The size of these elements will typically range in width from 600 to 2400 mm, in thickness from 150 to 500 mm, and can be delivered in lengths of up to 24 m. [1] The voids of the hollow core can be used as conduit for installations.