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Spina bifida (SB; /ˌspaɪnə ˈbɪfɪdə/, [9] Latin for 'split spine') [10] is a birth defect in which there is incomplete closing of the spine and the membranes around the spinal cord during early development in pregnancy. [1] There are three main types: spina bifida occulta, meningocele and myelomeningocele. [1]
Spina bifida occulta means hidden split spine. [20] In this type of neural tube defect, the meninges do not herniate through the opening in the spinal canal. [19] The most frequently seen form of spina bifida occulta is when parts of the bones of the spine, called the spinous process, and the neural arch appear abnormal on a radiogram, without ...
Yet she "turned the corner" when she discovered the Spina Bifida Hydrocephalus Scotland support group, which led her to meet parents of other children with spina bifida and to have access to ...
Common structural defects include birth defects, [6] anencephaly, and spina bifida. Children born with structural defects may have malformed limbs, heart problems, and facial abnormalities. Defects in the formation of the cerebral cortex include microgyria, polymicrogyria, bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria, and pachygyria.
Spina bifida is a birth defect that affects the lowest part of the spine and occurs when a fetus's neural tube does not fully close, causing the backbone that protects the spinal cord not to form ...
In children, a tethered cord can force the spinal cord to stretch as they grow. In adults the spinal cord stretches in the course of normal activity, usually leading to progressive spinal cord damage if untreated. [1] TCS is often associated with the closure of a spina bifida. It can be congenital, such as in tight filum terminale, or the ...
1883: Cleland was the first to describe Chiari II or Arnold–Chiari malformation on his report of a child with spina bifida, hydrocephalus, and anatomical alterations of the cerebellum and brainstem. [63]
Spina bifida is the most common defect impacting the Central Nervous System (CNS). The most common and most severe form of Spina Bifida is Myelomeningocele. Individuals with Myelomeningocele are born with an incompletely fused spine, and therefore exposing the spinal cord through an opening in the back.