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Upwind: the rotor harvests power from the oncoming air and drives the wheels, as would a wind turbine. Downwind: when the vehicle is traveling faster than the windspeed, the ground is the fastest-moving medium relative to the vehicle, so the wheels harvest the power and impart it to the rotor, which propels the vehicle. [8]
A vehicle with a bladed rotor mechanically connected to the wheels can be designed to go at a speed faster than that of the wind, both directly into the wind and directly downwind. Upwind, the rotor works as a wind turbine driving the wheels. Downwind, it works as a propeller, driven by the wheels. In both cases, power comes from the difference ...
Windward is upwind from the point of reference, i.e., towards the direction from which the wind is coming; leeward is downwind from the point of reference, i.e., along the direction towards which the wind is going. The side of a ship that is towards the leeward is its "lee side".
Counter-rotating wind turbines Light pole wind turbine. Unconventional wind turbines are those that differ significantly from the most common types in use.. As of 2024, the most common type of wind turbine is the three-bladed upwind horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT), where the turbine rotor is at the front of the nacelle and facing the wind upstream of its supporting turbine tower.
The French wind turbine manufacturer Vergnet has several medium and large self-orienting downwind wind turbines in production. Passive yaw systems have to be designed in a way that the nacelle does not follow the sudden changes in wind direction with too fast a yaw movement, in order to avoid high gyroscopic loads.
[8] [26] [25] Based on direct and indirect experiences spanning 50 years, Doman concluded that upwind turbine configuration is better than downwind from a loading standpoint and that zero Delta three angle is important for rotor stability. [22] [26] [25] The Gamma 60 was the world's first variable speed wind turbine with a teetering hinge.
Sailing downwind, the apparent wind decreases the more the ship speeds up and at exactly the true wind speed, would drop to zero, so that the wind turbine can generate no power and also no thrust if used in the autogyro mode. Therefor windmill ships are limited to less than wind speed when travelling directly downwind, as with other sailing craft.
The yaw system is located between the wind turbine nacelle and tower. The yaw drive is an important component of the horizontal axis wind turbines ' yaw system . To ensure the wind turbine is producing the maximal amount of electric energy at all times, the yaw drive is used to keep the rotor facing into the wind as the wind direction changes.