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An alpha privative or, rarely, [1] privative a (from Latin alpha prīvātīvum, from Ancient Greek α στερητικόν) is the prefix a-or an-(before vowels) that is used in Indo-European languages such as Sanskrit and Greek and in words borrowed therefrom to express negation or absence, for example the English words of Greek origin atypical, anesthetic, and analgesic.
Meaning Origin language and etymology Example(s) -iasis: condition, formation, or presence of Latin -iasis, pathological condition or process; from Greek ἴασις (íasis), cure, repair, mend mydriasis: iatr(o)-of or pertaining to medicine or a physician (uncommon as a prefix but common as a suffix; see -iatry)
a-, called alpha privative, from Ancient Greek ἀ-, ἀν-, from Proto-Hellenic *ə-; e.g. apathetic, abiogenesis. These all stem from a PIE syllabic nasal privative *n̥-, the zero ablaut grade of the negation *ne, i.e. "n" used as a vowel, as in some English pronunciations of "button". This is the source of the 'n' in 'an-' privative ...
Anisogamy (the opposite of isogamy) comes from the ancient Greek negative prefix a(n)-(alpha privative), the Greek adjective isos (meaning equal) and the Greek verb gameo (meaning to have sex/to reproduce), eventually meaning "non-equal reproduction" obviously referring to the enormous differences between male and female gametes in size and abilities. [10]
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha, also known as HIF-1-alpha, is a subunit of a heterodimeric transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 that is encoded by the HIF1A gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2019 was awarded for the discovery of HIF.
The word Ahimsa —sometimes spelled Ahinsa [14] [15] —is derived from the Sanskrit root hiṃs, meaning to strike; hiṃsā is injury or harm, while a-hiṃsā (prefixed with the alpha privative), its opposite, is non-harming or nonviolence. [14] [16]
The etymology of "acoel" is from the Ancient Greek words ἀ (a), the alpha privative, expressing negation or absence, and κοιλία (koilía), meaning "cavity". [5] [6] This refers to the fact that acoels have a structure lacking a fluid-filled body cavity.
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is the "master regulator" of the inflammatory (immune) response in many organ systems. Autoimmune diseases are caused by an overactive immune response. Etanercept has the potential to treat these diseases by inhibiting TNF-alpha. [19] Etanercept is a fusion protein produced by recombinant DNA. It fuses the ...