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The desired product, benzoic acid (3), is obtained by the following work-up: [2] Synthesis of benzoic acid with work-up step in red. The reaction mixture containing the Grignard reagent is allowed to warm to room temperature in a water bath to allow excess dry ice to evaporate.
2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (or DDQ) is the chemical reagent with formula C 6 Cl 2 (CN) 2 O 2. This oxidant is useful for the dehydrogenation of alcohols, [3] phenols, [4] and steroid ketones. [5] DDQ decomposes in water, but is stable in aqueous mineral acid. [6]
Bogdanovic and Bolte identified the nature and mode of action of the active species in some classical McMurry systems, [5] and an overview of proposed reaction mechanisms has been published. [3] It is of note that titanium dioxide is not generally a product of the coupling reaction.
The mechanism of the reaction involves two steps. The first step is a nucleophilic addition to the nitrile with the aid of a polarizing Lewis acid, forming an imine, which is later hydrolyzed during the aqueous workup to yield the final aryl ketone. Hoesch reaction mechanism
Acid–base extraction is a subclass of liquid–liquid extractions and involves the separation of chemical species from other acidic or basic compounds. [1] It is typically performed during the work-up step following a chemical synthesis to purify crude compounds [2] and results in the product being largely free of acidic or basic impurities.
1,3-Diisopropylbenzene is produced via transalkylation, a special form of Friedel–Crafts alkylation. It also allows alkyl chains to be added reversibly as protecting groups. This approach is used industrially in the synthesis of 4,4'-biphenol via the oxidative coupling and subsequent dealkylation of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol. [11] [12]
Kotb, who's a mom to daughters Hope, 5, and Haley, 7, then hilariously imitated the motion of the automatic sliding doors on her new car, saying, "You push the buttons, click! And the doors go woosh."
In the cited example the Lewis acid TiCl 4 is used. First, the Lewis acid activates the aldehyde component followed by carbon-carbon bond formation between the enol silane and the activated aldehyde. With the loss of a chlorosilane the compound 1 is built. The desired product, a racemate of 2 and 3, is obtained by aqueous work-up. [3]