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This swelling may be on one side or both sides, may cause disfigurement and may be painful. [2] Xerostomia (dry mouth) with no other cause such as a side effect of medications. [2] HIV-SGD may be the presenting sign of HIV infection. [3] There may also be xerophthalmia (dry eyes) and arthralgia (joint pain), similar to Sjögren syndrome. [3]
Efavirenz is not effective against HIV-2, as the pocket of the HIV-2 reverse transcriptase has a different structure, which confers intrinsic resistance to the NNRTI class. [ 20 ] As most NNRTIs bind within the same pocket, viral strains which are resistant to efavirenz are usually also resistant to the other NNRTIs, nevirapine and delavirdine .
Megaloblastic anaemia; Methaemoglobinaemia; Erythema multiforme; Low blood sugar; Hepatitis (liver swelling); Crystalluria (crystals in the urine); Urinary obstruction causing difficulty passing urine
A small percentage of HIV-1 infected individuals retain high levels of CD4+ T-cells without antiretroviral therapy. However, most have detectable viral loads and will eventually progress to AIDS without treatment. These individuals are classified as HIV controllers or long-term nonprogressors (LTNP). People who maintain CD4+ T cell counts and ...
As of 2019, it is listed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the first-line treatment for adults with HIV/AIDS, with tenofovir/lamivudine/efavirenz as an alternative. [2] It may be used in people with both HIV and tuberculosis , however if the person is on rifampicin a larger dose of dolutegravir is needed.
It works by inhibiting the enzyme reverse transcriptase that HIV uses to make DNA and therefore decreases replication of the virus. [6] Zidovudine was first described in 1964. [7] It was resynthesized from a public-domain formula by Burroughs Wellcome. [8] It was approved in the United States in 1987 and was the first treatment for HIV.
Common side effects include headache, feeling tired, nausea, diarrhea, and fever. [3] Severe side effects may include bone marrow suppression, muscle damage, worsening of hepatitis B if previously infected, high blood lactate and liver enlargement. [2] [4] It may be part of a recommended treatment during pregnancy. [2]
It is taken by mouth. [1] [2] [3] Side effects can include joint pain, sleepiness, headaches, depression, trouble sleeping, and itchiness. [3] Severe side effects may include depression, psychosis, or osteonecrosis. [3] In those with a history of epilepsy, it may increase the frequency of seizures. [3]