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  2. Stepped reckoner - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepped_reckoner

    The machine performs multiplication by repeated addition, and division by repeated subtraction. The basic operation performed is to add (or subtract) the operand number to the accumulator register, as many times as desired (to subtract, the operating crank is turned in the opposite direction). The number of additions (or subtractions) is ...

  3. Slide calculator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slide_calculator

    Although not always advertised (e.g., the Magic Brain Calculator mentions "add, subtract, multiply" on its front plate), procedures exist for multiplication (by repeated addition or by individual digit multiplications) and division (e.g., by repeated subtraction, or use of additions combined with complementary numbers).

  4. Mechanical calculator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_calculator

    The machine could add and subtract six-digit numbers, and indicated an overflow of this capacity by ringing a bell. The adding machine in the base was primarily provided to assist in the difficult task of adding or multiplying two multi-digit numbers. To this end an ingenious arrangement of rotatable Napier's bones were mounted on it.

  5. Pinwheel calculator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinwheel_calculator

    As part of a redesign of the arithmometer, [1] they reduced by an order of magnitude the cost and the size of mechanical calculators on which one could easily do the four basic operations (add, subtract, multiply and divide). Pinwheel calculators became extremely popular with the success of Thomas' Arithmometer (manufactured 1850s) and Odhner ...

  6. Calculator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculator

    Pascal's calculator could add and subtract two numbers directly and thus, if the tedium could be borne, multiply and divide by repetition. Schickard's machine, constructed several decades earlier, used a clever set of mechanised multiplication tables to ease the process of multiplication and division with the adding machine as a means of ...

  7. Algebraic operation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic_operation

    In mathematics, a basic algebraic operation is any one of the common operations of elementary algebra, which include addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, raising to a whole number power, and taking roots (fractional power). [1] These operations may be performed on numbers, in which case they are often called arithmetic operations.

  8. Pascal's calculator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal's_calculator

    He designed the machine to add and subtract two numbers directly and to perform multiplication and division through repeated addition or subtraction. Pascal's calculator was especially successful in the design of its carry mechanism, which adds 1 to 9 on one dial, and carries 1 to the next dial when the first dial changes from 9 to 0. His ...

  9. Mental calculation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_calculation

    492 is close to 500, which is easy to multiply by. Add and subtract 8 (the difference between 500 and 492) to get 492 -> 484, 500. Multiply these numbers together to get 242,000 (This can be done efficiently by dividing 484 by 2 = 242 and multiplying by 1000). Finally, add the difference (8) squared (8 2 = 64) to the result: 492 2 = 242,064