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While the Latin term itself originates in scholasticism, it reflects the Aristotelian view of man as a creature distinguished by a rational principle.In the Nicomachean Ethics I.13, Aristotle states that the human being has a rational principle (Greek: λόγον ἔχον), on top of the nutritive life shared with plants, and the instinctual life shared with other animals, i. e., the ability ...
Others think that any kind of rationality along the lines of rational choice theory is a useless concept for understanding human behavior; the term homo economicus (economic man: the imaginary man being assumed in economic models who is logically consistent but amoral) was coined largely in honor of this view.
Based upon this reasoning, the medieval followers of Aristotle formulated the doctrine that man is the "Rational Animal". Man is a conjugal animal: An animal that is born to couple in adulthood. In doing so, man builds a household and, in more successful cases, a clan or small village run upon patriarchal lines. [16]
Animal symbolicum ("symbol-making" or "symbolizing animal") is a definition for humans proposed by the German neo-Kantian philosopher Ernst Cassirer.. The tradition since Aristotle has defined a human being as animal rationale (a rational animal).
Homo economicus is usually seen as "rational" in the sense that well-being as defined by the utility function is optimized given perceived opportunities. [10] That is, the individual seeks to attain very specific and predetermined goals to the greatest extent with the least possible cost.
Or, rather, he is a conscious being – i.e., his own life is an object for him, only because he is a species-being. Only because of that is his activity free activity. Estranged labour reverses the relationship so that man, just because he is a conscious being, makes his life activity, his essential being, a mere means for his existence. [20]
In addition to agreeing with the Aristotelian definition of man as "the rational animal", [8] Aquinas also held various other beliefs about the substance of man. For instance, as the essence ( nature ) of all men are the same, [ 61 ] and the definition of being is "an essence that exists", [ 10 ] humans that are real therefore only differ by ...
[1] [2] [3] It is an effort to rationalize or rather "vindicate the ways of God to man" (l.16), a variation of John Milton's claim in the opening lines of Paradise Lost, that he will "justifie the wayes of God to men" (1.26). [4] It is concerned with the natural order God has decreed for man.