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A surgical site infection (SSI) develop when bacteria infiltrate the body through surgical incisions. [1] These bacteria may come from the patient's own skin , the surgical instruments , or the environment in which the procedure is performed.
There is no difference in infection rates for performing surgery within 6 hours of injury when compared to until 72 hours after injury. [5] [21] NICE guidelines suggest that the surgical debridement should be done immediately for open fracture that are highly contaminated or where there is a lot of bleeding (vascular compromise). [22]
There is insufficient evidence to show that whether applying cyanoacrylate microbial sealants on the wound site before operation is effective in reducing surgical site infection post surgery. [27] There is no evidence that one type of hand antisepsis is better than the other in preventing surgical site infection. [28] [17]
The World Health Organization (WHO) published the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist in 2008 in order to increase the safety of patients undergoing surgery. [1] The checklist serves to remind the surgical team of important items to be performed before and after the surgical procedure in order to reduce adverse events such as surgical site infections or retained instruments. [1]
The Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP) partnership is an American multi-year national campaign to substantially reduce surgical mortality and morbidity through collaborative efforts between healthcare organizations. The campaign began in August 2005 with the original goal of reducing the national incidence of surgical complications by 25% ...
Surgery [a] is a medical specialty that uses manual and instrumental techniques to diagnose or treat pathological conditions (e.g., trauma, disease, injury, malignancy), to alter bodily functions (e.g., malabsorption created by bariatric surgery such as gastric bypass), to reconstruct or alter aesthetics and appearance (cosmetic surgery), or to remove unwanted tissues (body fat, glands, scars ...
In 2012, the Health Protection Agency reported the prevalence rate of hospital-acquired infections in England was 6.4% in 2011, against a rate of 8.2% in 2006, [67] with respiratory tract, urinary tract and surgical site infections the most common types of infections reported. [67]
Methods to decrease surgical site infections in spine surgery include the application of antiseptic skin preparation (a.g. Chlorhexidine gluconate in alcohol which is twice as effective as any other antiseptic for reducing the risk of infection [9]), judicious use of surgical drains, prophylactic antibiotics, and vancomycin. [10]