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In humans, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) forms closed circular molecules that contain 16,569 [4] [5] DNA base pairs, [6] with each such molecule normally containing a full set of the mitochondrial genes. Each human mitochondrion contains, on average, approximately 5 such mtDNA molecules, with the quantity ranging between 1 and 15. [6]
Human mitochondrial DNA was the first significant part of the human genome to be sequenced. [4] This sequencing revealed that human mtDNA has 16,569 base pairs and encodes 13 proteins. As in other vertebrates, the human mitochondrial genetic code differs slightly from nuclear DNA. [5]
Each human cell contains approximately 100 mitochondria, giving a total number of mtDNA molecules per human cell of approximately 500. [35] However, the amount of mitochondria per cell also varies by cell type, and an egg cell can contain 100,000 mitochondria, corresponding to up to 1,500,000 copies of the mitochondrial genome (constituting up ...
The human genome is a complete set of nucleic acid sequences for humans, encoded as the DNA within each of the 24 distinct chromosomes in the cell nucleus. A small DNA molecule is found within individual mitochondria .
The mtDNA is usually relatively small in comparison to the nuclear DNA. For example, the human mitochondrial DNA forms closed circular molecules, each of which contains 16,569 [8] [9] DNA base pairs, [10] with each such molecule normally containing a full set of the
The Cambridge Reference Sequence (CRS) for human mitochondrial DNA was first announced in 1981. [ 2 ] A group led by Fred Sanger at the University of Cambridge had sequenced the mitochondrial genome of one woman of European descent [ 3 ] during the 1970s, determining it to have a length of 16,569 base pairs (0.0006% of the nuclear human genome ...
Haplogroup N is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) clade. A macrohaplogroup, its descendant lineages are distributed across many continents. Like its sibling macrohaplogroup M, macrohaplogroup N is a descendant of the haplogroup L3.
Genes on human mitochondrial DNA. Pages in category "Human mitochondrial genes" The following 38 pages are in this category, out of 38 total.