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HIV encephalopathy; The presumptive criteria are designed for use where access to confirmatory diagnostic testing for HIV infection by means of virological testing (usually nucleic acid testing, NAT) or P24 antigen testing for infants and children aged under 18 months is not readily available.
Standard anti-HIV IgG antibody tests cannot be used to reliably indicate a child's infection status before 18 months of age, so viral antigen tests are used. In the new system, HIV-infected children are classified into mutually exclusive categories according to three parameters: a) infection status b) clinical status c) immunologic status
[18] [83] As of 2008, vertical transmission accounted for about 90% of cases of HIV in children. [84] In the absence of treatment, the risk of transmission before or during birth is around 20%, and in those who also breastfeed 35%. [84] Treatment decreases this risk to less than 5%. [85]
Unite for Children, Unite against AIDS is a global Campaign launched by UNICEF in 2005 to raise awareness of the plight of children globally in relation to HIV and AIDS, and to spur action. Almost every minute of every day, a child dies because of AIDS, and another two young people are infected with HIV. [ 1 ]
The risk of HIV transmission from mother to child is most directly related to the plasma viral load of the mother. Untreated mothers with a high (HIV RNA greater than 100,000 copies/mL) have a transmission risk of over 50%. [25] For women with a lower viral load (HIV RNA less than 1000 copies/mL), the risk of transmission is less than 1%. [26]
HIV tests have a high accuracy and the tests come in the form of antibody tests, antigen/antibody tests, and NATS (nucleic acid test). [32] There were approximately 38 million people across the globe with HIV/AIDS in 2019. Of these, 36.2 million were adults and 1.8 million were children under 15 years old. [33]
Laws criminalizing HIV transmission have not been found an effective way to reduce HIV risk behavior, and may actually do more harm than good. In the past, many U.S. states criminalized the possession of needles without a prescription, even going so far as to arrest people as they leave private needle-exchange facilities. [67]
The program provides HIV-related clinical information, including: [1] Clinical guidelines for the medical management of children, adolescents, and adults with HIV infection; Best practices related to HIV clinical care; Educational tools including teaching slide sets on HIV-related topics; Quality improvement materials; HIV-specific quality ...