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Adult HIV prevalence exceeds 20% in Eswatini, Botswana, Lesotho and Zimbabwe, while an additional five countries report adult HIV prevalence of at least 10%. In absolute numbers, South Africa (9.2 million), followed Tanzania (2.55 million) and Mozambique (2.48 million) and Nigeria (2.45million) had the highest HIV/AIDS number of cases by the ...
Consistent condom use reduces the risk of HIV transmission by approximately 80% over the long term. [117] When condoms are used consistently by a couple in which one person is infected, the rate of HIV infection is less than 1% per year. [118] There is some evidence to suggest that female condoms may provide an equivalent level of protection. [119]
HIV-1 is more virulent and more infective than HIV-2, [20] and is the cause of the majority of HIV infections globally. The lower infectivity of HIV-2, compared to HIV-1, implies that fewer of those exposed to HIV-2 will be infected per exposure. Due to its relatively poor capacity for transmission, HIV-2 is largely confined to West Africa. [21]
HIV transmission through injecting drug use remains rare, except in Bermuda and Puerto Rico. [73] Within the Caribbean, the country with the highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS is the Bahamas with a rate of 3.2% of adults with the disease.
Estimated prevalence of HIV/AIDS by country 2011. In Western Europe, the routes of transmission of HIV are diverse, including paid sex, sex between men, intravenous drugs, mother to child transmission, and heterosexual sex. However, many new infections in this region occur through contact with HIV-infected individuals from other regions.
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