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Even if material properties were modeled before 1900, condensed matter topics were considered as part of physics since the development of quantum mechanics and microscopic theories of matter. According to Philip W. Anderson, the term "condensed matter" appeared about 1965. [1]
Berzelius and Hisinger discovered the element in ceria and named it after the newly discovered asteroid (then considered a planet), Ceres. Klaproth discovered it simultaneously and independently in some tantalum samples. Mosander proved later that the samples of all three researchers had at least another element in them, lanthanum. [113] 76 ...
The field of crystallography, where X-rays are shone through crystals of a solid material, was founded by William Henry Bragg and his son William Lawrence Bragg at the Institute of Physics during and after World War II. [citation needed] Materials science became a major established discipline following the onset of the Silicon Age and ...
Monsignor Lemaître is considered "the Father of the Big Bang" and the first to derive what is now known as Hubble's law. Leavitt discovered Cepheid variables, the "Standard Candle" by which Hubble later determined galactic distances. Einstein's general theory of relativity is usually recognized as the theoretic foundation of modern cosmology.
An image from John Dalton's A New System of Chemical Philosophy, the first modern explanation of atomic theory.. This timeline of chemistry lists important works, discoveries, ideas, inventions, and experiments that significantly changed humanity's understanding of the modern science known as chemistry, defined as the scientific study of the composition of matter and of its interactions.
1963 – Chien-Shiung Wu confirms the conserved vector current theory for weak interactions; 1963 – Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig: Quarks predicted; 1964 – Bell's Theorem initiates quantitative study of quantum entanglement; 1964 - First black hole, Cygnus X-1, discovered; 1964 – CP violation discovered by James Cronin and Val Fitch.
1912 – Peter Debye derives the T-cubed law for the low temperature heat capacity of a nonmetallic solid [4] 1924–1925 – Bose–Einstein condensate was first predicted, generally, by Albert Einstein [5] 1925 – Ernst Ising presents the solution to the one-dimensional Ising model [6]
It is a synthesis of physical sciences such as chemistry, solid mechanics, solid state physics, and materials science. Materials physics is considered a subset of condensed matter physics and applies fundamental condensed matter concepts to complex multiphase media, including materials of technological interest. Current fields that materials ...