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MapReduce is a programming model and an associated implementation for processing and generating big data sets with a parallel and distributed algorithm on a cluster. [1] [2] [3]A MapReduce program is composed of a map procedure, which performs filtering and sorting (such as sorting students by first name into queues, one queue for each name), and a reduce method, which performs a summary ...
Apache Hadoop (/ h ə ˈ d uː p /) is a collection of open-source software utilities for reliable, scalable, distributed computing.It provides a software framework for distributed storage and processing of big data using the MapReduce programming model.
Program structure: PACT allows the composition of arbitrary acyclic data flow graphs. In contract, MapReduce programs have a static structure (Map -> Reduce). Data Model: PACT's data model are records of arbitrary many fields of arbitrary types. MapReduce's KeyValue-Pairs can be considered as records with two fields.
Pig Latin abstracts the programming from the Java MapReduce idiom into a notation which makes MapReduce programming high level, similar to that of SQL for relational database management systems. Pig Latin can be extended using user-defined functions (UDFs) which the user can write in Java , Python , JavaScript , Ruby or Groovy [ 3 ] and then ...
Bigtable development began in 2004. [1] It is now used by a number of Google applications, such as Google Analytics, [2] web indexing, [3] MapReduce, which is often used for generating and modifying data stored in Bigtable, [4] Google Maps, [5] Google Books search, "My Search History", Google Earth, Blogger.com, Google Code hosting, YouTube, [6] and Gmail. [7]
Spark Core is the foundation of the overall project. It provides distributed task dispatching, scheduling, and basic I/O functionalities, exposed through an application programming interface (for Java, Python, Scala, .NET [16] and R) centered on the RDD abstraction (the Java API is available for other JVM languages, but is also usable for some other non-JVM languages that can connect to the ...
External tools and libraries (e.g., R or Python libraries) are integrated via a foreign function interface. In this it resembles, e.g., KNIME which allows the use of external software through snippet nodes, or Taverna which offers BeanShell services for integrating Java software. By defining a task in a foreign language it is possible to use ...
In MapReduce-based systems, data is normally stored on a distributed system, such as Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS), and different data blocks might be stored in different machines. Thus, for column-store on MapReduce, different groups of columns might be stored on different machines, which introduces extra network costs when a query ...