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Video random-access memory (VRAM) is dedicated computer memory used to store the pixels and other graphics data as a framebuffer to be rendered on a computer monitor. [1] It often uses a different technology than other computer memory, in order to be read quickly for display on a screen.
Dual-ported video RAM (VRAM) is a dual-ported variant of dynamic RAM (DRAM), which was once commonly used to store the framebuffer in graphics adapters. Dual-ported RAM allows the CPU to read and write data to memory as if it were a conventional DRAM chip, while adding a second port that reads out data.
The TMS9918A's method of accessing the video RAM is slower than direct access, as used in unified-memory computers, because accessing video memory involved first outputting the low- then the hi-byte of the (14-bit) video memory address to I/O port $99, then one or more bytes of 8-bit data to port $98.
Video memory was shared with the first 128 KiB of RAM. The exact size of the video memory could be reconfigured by software to meet the needs of the current program. An early hybrid system was the Commodore Amiga which could run as a shared memory system, but would load executable code preferentially into non-shared "fast RAM" if it was available.
A GART is used as a means of data exchange between the main memory and video memory through which buffers (i.e. paging/swapping) of textures, polygon meshes and other data are loaded, but can also be used to expand the amount of video memory available for systems with only integrated or shared graphics (i.e. no discrete or inbuilt graphics ...
VBE is made available through the video card's BIOS, which installs some interrupt vectors that point to itself during boot up. Most newer cards implement the more capable VBE 3.0 standard. Older versions of VBE provide only a real mode interface, which cannot be used without a significant performance penalty from within protected mode ...
See the SPD article for the table layout among different versions of DDR and examples of other memory timing information that is present on these chips. Modern DIMMs include a Serial Presence Detect (SPD) ROM chip that contains recommended memory timings for automatic configuration as well as XMP profiles of faster timing information (and ...
Knoppix booting on the framebuffer. The Linux framebuffer (fbdev) is a linux subsystem used to show graphics on a computer monitor, typically on the system console. [1]It was designed as a hardware-independent API to give user space software access to the framebuffer (the part of a computer's video memory containing a current video frame) using only the Linux kernel's own basic facilities and ...