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Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR or S/N) is a measure used in science and engineering that compares the level of a desired signal to the level of background noise. SNR is defined as the ratio of signal power to noise power, often expressed in decibels. A ratio higher than 1:1 (greater than 0 dB) indicates more signal than noise.
S/n, S/N or s/n may refer to: Signal-to-noise ratio, a measure in science and engineering; Screen name (computing), of a computer user; Serial number, a unique ...
can be seen as a normalized measure of the energy per symbol to noise power spectral density (/): = where is the energy per symbol in joules and ρ is the nominal spectral efficiency in (bits/s)/Hz. [2]
Traditionally, SNR is defined to be the ratio of the average signal value to the standard deviation of the signal : [2] [3] = when the signal is an optical intensity, or as the square of this value if the signal and noise are viewed as amplitudes (field quantities).
The C/N ratio is measured in a manner similar to the way the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) is measured, and both specifications give an indication of the quality of a communications channel. In the famous Shannon–Hartley theorem, the C/N ratio is equivalent to the S/N ratio.
Note that the value of S/N = 100 is equivalent to the SNR of 20 dB. If the requirement is to transmit at 50 kbit/s, and a bandwidth of 10 kHz is used, then the minimum S/N required is given by 50000 = 10000 log 2 (1+S/N) so C/B = 5 then S/N = 2 5 − 1 = 31, corresponding to an SNR of 14.91 dB (10 x log 10 (31)).
SN, Sn, sn, .sn, or s.n. may refer to: Businesses and organizations. Brussels Airlines (IATA code SN) Sabena; SN Brussels Airlines (IATA code SN)
The Stirling numbers of the second kind, written (,) or {} or with other notations, count the number of ways to partition a set of labelled objects into nonempty unlabelled subsets.