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Like many other medical conditions, obesity is the result of an interplay between environmental and genetic factors. [2] [3] Studies have identified variants in several genes that may contribute to weight gain and body fat distribution; although, only in a few cases are genes the primary cause of obesity.
This particular genetic finding doesn’t apply to a large population of people with obesity — only about 1 in 5,000 people have this genetic makeup, Frontini said.
Prentice et al. [17] predicted that the emerging molecular genetics field would ultimately provide a way to test between the adaptive 'thrifty gene' idea and the non-adaptive 'drifty gene' idea because it would be possible to find signatures of positive selection in the human genome, at genes that are linked to both obesity and type 2 diabetes ...
Monogenic obesity is excess weight caused by a mutation in a single gene, as opposed to syndromic obesity not tied to a single gene variation and most obesity, which is caused by multiple genetic and environmental risk factors. Monogenetic obesity mostly affects the hypothalamus and leptin–melanocortin system (see hypothalamic obesity ...
Fat mass and obesity-associated protein also known as alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase FTO is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FTO gene located on chromosome 16. As one homolog in the AlkB family proteins, it is the first messenger RNA (mRNA) demethylase that has been identified. [ 5 ]
It has a prevalence of 1.0–2.5% in people with body mass indices greater than 30, making it the most commonly known genetic defect predisposing people to obesity. [ 31 ] In an exome-wide meta-analysis across three cohorts (UKB,GHS and MCPS), there were 16 genes for which there genetic variants was associated with BMI.
Race and genetics are two other dimensions of obesity that have been extensively studied. Some researchers have found that genetics increase the likelihood of occurrence of obesity through higher levels of fat deposition and adipokine secretion. [13] Other critics suggest that race itself may affect the way obesity presents itself in individuals.
The condition can be caused by various medical conditions, unhealthy lifestyle choices and genetics. "People with obesity, diabetes and low levels of physical activity are more likely to develop ...