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Basmati and premium non-basmati rice grows in Punjab and Haryana region of India, such as: [15] [16] [17] Traditional Basmati Rice; Basmati 30,31; PUSA Basmati Rice; 1121 Basmati Rice; 1509 Basmati Rice; 1718 Basmati Rice; Sugandha Rice; Sharbati Rice; RH-10 Rice; Parmal 11 or PR11 Rice; Parmal 14 or PR14 Rice; Parmal 47 or PR 47 Rice; Parmal ...
As of 2019, Pusa Basmati 1121 had spread over 69% of the total basmati area in Punjab, 35% in Western Uttar Pradesh, 46% in Haryana, 24% in Uttarakhand, 14% in Jammu and Kashmir and 20% in the hill state of Himachal Pradesh. [7] Because of its immense popularity across the world, Pusa Basmati 1121 is an important export commodity.
Basmati rice has a typical pandan-like (Pandanus amaryllifolius leaf) flavour caused by the aroma compound 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline. [31] Basmati grains contain about 0.09 ppm of this aromatic chemical compound naturally, a level that is about 12 times as much as non-basmati rice varieties, giving basmati its distinctive fragrance and flavour. [32]
It is a medium- to long-grained rice. It is known for its nutty aroma and taste, which is caused by the chemical compound 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline. [2] Varieties of aromatic rice include Ambemohar, Basmati, Jasmine, Sona Masuri, Texmati, Tulaipanji, Tulshimala, Wehani, Kalijira, Chinigura, Gobindobhog, Kali Mooch and wild Pecan rice.
It is a low yielding rice (1.9 ton/ha). The grains are short (5.5 mm) and wide (2.2 mm) compared to the well known basmati rice. Both varieties have similar degree of fragrance. [4] The variety is therefore included in the class of Aromatic rice such as Basmati. [5] The short cooked grains have a tendency to break easily and stick together.
Rice is the staple food of over half the world's population. It is the predominant dietary energy source for 17 countries in Asia and the Pacific, 9 countries in North and South America and 8 countries in Africa. Rice provides 20% of the world's dietary energy supply, while wheat supplies 19% and maize (corn) 5%. [29]
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RiceTec became widely known in the late 1990s due to an attempt by the company to patent Basmati rice. [9] Basmati rice has historically been grown in India for many centuries, however neither country had ever patented the particular variety of rice.