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The Luiseño language is a Uto-Aztecan language of California spoken by the Luiseño, a Native American people who at the time of first contact with the Spanish in the 16th century inhabited the coastal area of southern California, ranging 50 miles (80 km) from the southern part of Los Angeles County, California, to the northern part of San Diego County, California, and inland 30 miles (48 km).
The Luiseño language belongs to the Cupan group of Takic languages, within the major Uto-Aztecan family of languages. [15] About 30 to 40 people speak the language. In some of the independent bands, individuals are studying the language, language preservation materials are being compiled, and singers sing traditional songs in the language. [ 2 ]
Deriving from the Takic languages, the tribe's dialect finds classification in the Cupan languages sub-division, similar to that of the Cupeño, Cahuilla, and Nicoleño Uto-Aztecan languages. [29] Before European contact along California's coast in 1792, historians expect that 3,000-4,000 first-language individuals inhabited the land.
The Acjachemen language is related to the Luiseño language spoken by the nearby Luiseño tribe located to the interior. [30] Considered to speak a dialect of Luiseño, the Juaneño were part of the Takic subgroup of the northern groupings of the Uto-Aztecan languages .
The Uto-Aztecan language family is one of the largest linguistic families in the Americas in terms of number of speakers, number of languages, and geographic extension. [2] The northernmost Uto-Aztecan language is Shoshoni, which is spoken as far north as Salmon, Idaho, while the southernmost is the Nawat language of El Salvador and Nicaragua.
The Pauma Band of Luiseño Mission Indians owns and operates Casino Pauma, Pauma Bay Café, Casino Pauma Deli, Red Parrot Pizza, and the Red Parrot Lounge, all located in Pauma Valley. [5] Gaming revenues support the health, welfare, and education of their people, as well as for infrastructure.
The Soboba Band of Luiseño Indians is a federally recognized tribe of Luiseño people, headquartered in Riverside County, California. On June 18, 1883, the Soboba Reservation was established by the United States government in San Jacinto. [5] There are five other federally recognized tribes of Luiseño people in southern California.
The Twenty-Nine Palms Band of Mission Indians of California is a federally recognized tribe of Mission Indians with a reservation consisting of two sections, one located near the cities of Indio and Coachella in Riverside County, and the other in the city of Twentynine Palms in San Bernardino County, California.