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  2. Voltage-gated sodium channel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage-gated_sodium_channel

    When the membrane's voltage becomes low enough, the inactivation gate reopens and the activation gate closes in a process called deinactivation. With the activation gate closed and the inactivation gate open, the Na + channel is once again in its deactivated state, and is ready to participate in another action potential.

  3. Sodium channel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_channel

    When the membrane's voltage becomes low enough, the inactivation gate reopens and the activation gate closes in a process called deinactivation. With the activation gate closed and the inactivation gate open, the Na + channel is once again in its deactivated state, and is ready to participate in another action potential.

  4. Gating (electrophysiology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gating_(electrophysiology)

    In sodium channels, inactivation appears to be the result of the actions of helices III-VI, with III and IV acting as a sort of hinged lid that block the channel. The exact mechanism is poorly understood, but seems to rely on a particle that has a high affinity for the exposed inside of the open channel. [ 26 ]

  5. Persistent sodium current - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persistent_Sodium_Current

    Persistent sodium current generation is hypothesized to occur by the incomplete inactivation of the voltage-gated sodium channel current (INa), where the channel becomes constitutively active and conducts sodium, creating a "persistently active" inward sodium current. Upon depolarization, the four identical motifs of the sodium channel (which ...

  6. Ball and chain inactivation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_and_chain_inactivation

    Ball and chain inactivation can only happen if the channel is open. In neuroscience, ball and chain inactivation is a model to explain the fast inactivation mechanism of voltage-gated ion channels. The process is also called hinged-lid inactivation or N-type inactivation. A voltage-gated ion channel can be in three states: open, closed, or ...

  7. Action potential - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_potential

    The increasing voltage in turn causes even more sodium channels to open, which pushes V m still further towards E Na. This positive feedback continues until the sodium channels are fully open and V m is close to E Na. [7] [8] [20] [21] The sharp rise in V m and sodium permeability correspond to the rising phase of the action potential. [7] [8 ...

  8. Refractory period (physiology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractory_period_(physiology)

    The refractory periods are due to the inactivation property of voltage-gated sodium channels and the lag of potassium channels in closing. Voltage-gated sodium channels have two gating mechanisms, the activation mechanism that opens the channel with depolarization and the inactivation mechanism that closes the channel with repolarization. While ...

  9. Depolarizing prepulse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depolarizing_prepulse

    where ¯ + is the maximum sodium conductance, m is the activation gate, and h is the inactivation gate (both gates are shown in the adjacent image). [4] The values of m and h vary between 0 and 1, depending upon the transmembrane potential. Transmembrane voltage response of a space-clamped mammalian node of Ranvier