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Block diagram of a basic computer with uniprocessor CPU. Black lines indicate control flow, whereas red lines indicate data flow. Arrows indicate the direction of flow. In computer science and computer engineering, computer architecture is a description of the structure of a computer system made from component parts. [1]
The 8088 version, with an 8-bit bus, was used in the original IBM Personal Computer. 186 included a DMA controller, interrupt controller, timers, and chip select logic. A small number of additional instructions. The 80188 was a version with an 8-bit bus. 286 first x86 processor with protected mode including segmentation based virtual memory ...
The Core microarchitecture uses several stepping levels (steppings), which unlike prior microarchitectures, represent incremental improvements, and different sets of features like cache size and low power modes. Most of these steppings are used across brands, typically by disabling some features and limiting clock frequencies on low-end chips.
Harvard architecture Bobcat: 2011 Out-of-order execution Bulldozer: 2011 20 Shared multithreaded L2 cache, multithreading, multi-core, around 20 stage long pipeline, integrated memory controller, out-of-order, superscalar, up to 16 cores per chip, up to 16 MB L3 cache, Virtualization, Turbo Core, FlexFPU which uses simultaneous multithreading [2]
Processor design is a subfield of computer science and computer engineering (fabrication) that deals with creating a processor, a key component of computer hardware.. The design process involves choosing an instruction set and a certain execution paradigm (e.g. VLIW or RISC) and results in a microarchitecture, which might be described in e.g. VHDL or Verilog.
Block diagram of a complete Bulldozer module, showing 2 integer clusters Block diagram of a 4 module design with 8 integer clusters Memory topology of a Bulldozer server Bulldozer die shot with highlighted parts. Bulldozer made use of "Clustered Multithreading" (CMT), a technique where some parts of the processor are shared between two threads ...
In computer science, an instruction set architecture (ISA) is an abstract model that generally defines how software controls the CPU in a computer or a family of computers. [1] A device or program that executes instructions described by that ISA, such as a central processing unit (CPU), is called an implementation of that ISA.
Minimal instruction set computer (MISC) is a central processing unit (CPU) architecture, usually in the form of a microprocessor, with a very small number of basic operations and corresponding opcodes, together forming an instruction set. Such sets are commonly stack-based rather than register-based to reduce the size of operand specifiers.