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  2. Aether (classical element) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aether_(classical_element)

    According to ancient and medieval science, aether (/ ˈ iː θ ər /, alternative spellings include æther, aither, and ether), also known as the fifth element or quintessence, is the material that fills the region of the universe beyond the terrestrial sphere. [1]

  3. Classical element - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_element

    The ancient Greek concept of four basic elements, these being earth (γῆ gê), water (ὕδωρ hýdōr), air (ἀήρ aḗr), and fire (πῦρ pŷr), dates from pre-Socratic times and persisted throughout the Middle Ages and into the Early modern period, deeply influencing European thought and culture. [5]

  4. Period 5 element - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_5_element

    A period 5 element is one of the chemical elements in the fifth row (or period) of the periodic table of the chemical elements.The periodic table is laid out in rows to illustrate recurring (periodic) trends in the chemical behaviour of the elements as their atomic number increases: a new row is begun when chemical behaviour begins to repeat, meaning that elements with similar behaviour fall ...

  5. Aether (mythology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aether_(mythology)

    For the ancient Greeks, the word aether (unpersonified), referred to the upper atmosphere, a material element of the cosmos. [15] For example, Homer has Sleep climb: a fir-tree exceeding tall, the highest that then grew in Ida; and it reached up through the mists into heaven [aether].

  6. Quintessence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quintessence

    Aether (classical element), in medieval cosmology and science, the fifth element that fills the universe beyond the terrestrial sphere; Quintessence (physics), a hypothetical form of dark energy, postulated to explain the accelerating expansion of the universe

  7. Mahābhūta - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahābhūta

    Fire element represents the quality of heat or energy. Any matter where energy is in prominence are called fire elements. Internal fire elements include those bodily mechanisms that produce physical warmth, ageing, digestion, etc. Air (or wind) element (vāyu-dhātu) Air element represents the quality of expansion or repulsive forces.

  8. Quintessence (physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quintessence_(physics)

    The name comes from quinta essentia (fifth element). So called in Latin starting from the Middle Ages, this was the (first) element added by Aristotle to the other four ancient classical elements because he thought it was the essence of the celestial world. Aristotle posited it to be a pure, fine, and primigenial element.

  9. Euclid's Elements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclid's_Elements

    Elements is the oldest extant large-scale deductive treatment of mathematics. It has proven instrumental in the development of logic and modern science, and its logical rigor was not surpassed until the 19th century. Euclid's Elements has been referred to as the most successful [a] [b] and influential [c] textbook ever written.