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A transcriptional activator is a protein (transcription factor) that increases transcription of a gene or set of genes. [1] Activators are considered to have positive control over gene expression, as they function to promote gene transcription and, in some cases, are required for the transcription of genes to occur.
A coactivator is a type of transcriptional coregulator that binds to an activator (a transcription factor) to increase the rate of transcription of a gene or set of genes. [1] The activator contains a DNA binding domain that binds either to a DNA promoter site or a specific DNA regulatory sequence called an enhancer.
Insulators situated between enhancers and promoters help define the genes that an enhancer can or cannot influence. Eukaryotic transcriptional activators have separate DNA-binding and activating functions. [1] Upon binding to its cis-element, an activator can recruit polymerase directly or recruit other factors needed by the transcriptional ...
The Ac Activator element is autonomous, whereas the Ds Dissociation element requires an Activator element to transpose. [1] Ac was initially discovered as enabling a Ds element to break chromosomes. Both Ac and Ds can also insert into genes, causing mutants that may revert to normal on excision of the element. [2]
Gal4 is a modular protein consisting broadly of a DNA-binding domain and an activation domain. The UAS to which GAL4 binds is CGG-N 11-CCG, where N can be any base. [6] Although GAL4 is a yeast protein not normally present in other organisms it has been shown to work as a transcription activator in a variety of organisms such as Drosophila, [7] and human cells, highlighting that the same ...
For one of the two genes tested, the dCas9 activator changes the number and size of leaves and made the plants better able to handle drought. The authors conclude that the dCas9 activator can create phenotypes in plants that are similar to those observed when a transgene is inserted for overexpression. [17]
High-maintenance dog breeds can require a lot of extra time, care and attention. High-maintenance in humans gives the impression of a needy person who requires a lot of time, money and effort to ...
Activator protein 1 (AP-1) is a transcription factor that regulates gene expression in response to a variety of stimuli, including cytokines, growth factors, stress, and bacterial and viral infections. [1] AP-1 controls a number of cellular processes including differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. [2]