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According to folk etymology, the name "Kashmir" means "desiccated land" (from the Sanskrit: ka = water and shimīra = desiccate). [2] In the Rajatarangini, a history of Kashmir written by Kalhana in the mid-12th century, it is stated that the valley of Kashmir was formerly a lake.
Kashmir is also believed to be the country meant by Ptolemy's Kaspeiria. [11] The earliest text which directly mentions the name Kashmir is in Ashtadhyayi written by the Sanskrit grammarian Pāṇini during the 5th century BC. Pāṇini called the people of Kashmir Kashmirikas.
The name might also be from Ai-Lao (Lao: ອ້າຽລາວ, Isan: อ้ายลาว, Chinese: 哀牢; pinyin: Āiláo, Vietnamese: ai lao), the old Chinese name for the Tai ethnic groups to which the Lao people belong. [241] Formerly known as Lan Xang (ລ້ານຊ້າງ) or "land of a million elephants".
Jammu and Kashmir was the only Indian state to have its own official state flag, along with India's national flag, [97] in addition to a separate constitution. Designed by the then ruling National Conference, the flag of Jammu and Kashmir featured a plough on a red background symbolising labour; it replaced the Maharaja's state flag. The three ...
The Kashmir Valley is noted for its bakery tradition. Bakers sell various kinds of breads with golden brown crusts topped with sesame and poppy seeds. Tsot and tsochvor are small round breads topped with poppy and sesame seeds, which are crisp and flaky; sheermal , baqerkhayn (puff pastry), lavas (unleavened bread) and kulcha are also popular.
Kashmir was formally annexed in December 1540, and coins were issued in the name of Humayun. [ 85 ] [ 86 ] Sultan Nazuk Shah was set up on the throne as a puppet. [ 87 ] Kaji Chak and Regi Chak, the only two generals who were fighting the Mughals, and also fought in the Battle of Vahator on 13 August 1541, died in 1544 and 1546 respectively. [ 88 ]
Jammu [b] and Kashmir [c] (abbreviated J&K) is a region administered by India as a union territory [1] and consists of the southern portion of the larger Kashmir region, which has been the subject of a dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947 and between India and China since 1959. [3]
The history of Kashmir, from 1846 to 1947 part of the princely state of Kashmir and Jammu, and from 1947 divided between the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir (now split into Ladakh and the union territory Jammu and Kashmir) and the Pakistani territories of the Gilgit Agency and Baltistan (now amalgamated as Gilgit-Baltistan) and Azad Kashmir.