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Benzenesulfonic acid (conjugate base benzenesulfonate) is an organosulfur compound with the formula C 6 H 6 O 3 S. It is the simplest aromatic sulfonic acid . It forms white deliquescent sheet crystals or a white waxy solid that is soluble in water and ethanol , slightly soluble in benzene and insoluble in nonpolar solvents like diethyl ether .
The approach exploits the meta-directing effect of the sulfonic acid group. 2-Chlorotoluene for example can be prepared by chlorination of p-toluenesulfonic acid, followed by hydrolysis. The method is also useful for the preparation of 2,6-dinitroaniline [3] and 2-bromophenol via phenol-2,4-disulfonic acid. [4]
Sodium benzenesulfonate is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 5 SO 3 Na.It is white, water-soluble solid, It is produced by the neutralization benzenesulfonic acid with sodium hydroxide.
Benzene can be easily converted to chlorobenzene by nucleophilic aromatic substitution via a benzyne intermediate. [1] It is treated with aqueous sodium hydroxide at 350 °C and 300 bar or molten sodium hydroxide at 350 °C to convert it to sodium phenoxide , which yields phenol upon acidification. [ 2 ]
Arylsulfonyl chlorides are made industrially in a two-step, one-pot reaction from an arene (in this case, benzene) and chlorosulfuric acid: [4] C 6 H 6 + HOSO 2 Cl → C 6 H 5 SO 3 H + HCl C 6 H 5 SO 3 H + HOSO 2 Cl → C 6 H 5 SO 2 Cl + H 2 SO 4. The intermediate benzenesulfonic acid can be chlorinated with thionyl chloride as well.
Bisphenol S is prepared by the reaction of two equivalents of phenol with one equivalent of sulfuric acid or oleum. [41] 2 C 6 H 5 OH + H 2 SO 4 → (C 6 H 4 OH) 2 SO 2 + 2 H 2 O 2 C 6 H 5 OH + SO 3 → (C 6 H 4 OH) 2 SO 2 + H 2 O. This reaction can also produce 2,4'-sulfonyldiphenol, a common isomeric complication in electrophilic aromatic ...
In the Tyrer sulfonation process (1917), [7] at some time of technological importance, benzene vapor is led through a vessel containing 90% sulfuric acid the temperature of which is increased from 100 to 180°C. Water and benzene are continuously removed and the benzene fed back to the vessel. In this way an 80% yield is obtained.
The main steps in this process are the production of chlorobenzene from benzene, hydrochloric acid and oxygen, and the subsequent hydrolysis of chlorobenzene to phenol. [4] The first step uses either a copper or iron chloride catalyst and exposes the materials to air at 200–250 °C.
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