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As a result the gills can extract over 80% of the oxygen available in the water. Marine teleosts also use their gills to excrete osmolytes (e.g. Na⁺, Cl −). The gills' large surface area tends to create a problem for fish that seek to regulate the osmolarity of their internal fluids. Seawater contains more osmolytes than the fish's internal ...
A gill (/ ɡ ɪ l / ⓘ) is a respiratory organ that many aquatic organisms use to extract dissolved oxygen from water and to excrete carbon dioxide. The gills of some species, such as hermit crabs , have adapted to allow respiration on land provided they are kept moist.
Sea slugs respire through a gill (or ctenidium). Aquatic respiration is the process whereby an aquatic organism exchanges respiratory gases with water, obtaining oxygen from oxygen dissolved in water and excreting carbon dioxide and some other metabolic waste products into the water.
Many air breathing freshwater teleosts use ABOs to effectively extract oxygen from air while maintaining functions of the gills. ABOs are modified gastrointestinal tracts , gas bladders , and labyrinth organs ; [ 54 ] they are highly vascularized and provide additional method of extracting oxygen from the air. [ 55 ]
In fish a countercurrent flow (lower diagram) of blood and water in the gills is used to extract oxygen from the environment. [6] [7] [8] All basal vertebrates breathe with gills. The gills are carried right behind the head, bordering the posterior margins of a series of openings from the esophagus to the exterior.
Artificial gills are hypothetical devices to allow a human to be able to take in oxygen from surrounding water. This is speculative technology that has not yet been demonstrated. Natural gills work because most animals with gills are thermoconformers (cold-blooded), so they need much less oxygen than a thermoregulator (warm
In most other gastropods, the right gill has been lost. In groups such as the turban shells the gill still retains its primitive bipectinate form, and in these animals, the water current is oblique, entering the mantle cavity on the left side of the head, flowing over the gill, and then being flushed out on the right side. The anus is also on ...
The opercular series is vital in obtaining oxygen. They open as the mouth closes, causing the pressure inside the fish to drop. Water then flows towards the lower pressure across the fish's gill lamellae, allowing some oxygen to be absorbed from the water. Cartilaginous ratfishes (chimaeras) possess soft and flexible opercular flaps.