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  2. PDF - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDF

    Portable Document Format (PDF), standardized as ISO 32000, is a file format developed by Adobe in 1992 to present documents, including text formatting and images, in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems.

  3. Piping and instrumentation diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piping_and_instrumentation...

    Computer control system; Identification of components and subsystems delivered by others; P&IDs are originally drawn up at the design stage from a combination of process flow sheet data, the mechanical process equipment design, and the instrumentation engineering design.

  4. List of PDF software - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_PDF_software

    Printing system can render any document to a PDF file, thus any Linux program with print capability can produce PDF files Pdftk: GPLv2: No Yes Yes Command-line tools to merge, split, en-/decrypt, watermark/stamp and manipulate PDF document files. Front end to an older version of the iText library. poppler: GNU GPL: Yes Yes

  5. Hazen–Williams equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazen–Williams_equation

    k is a conversion factor for the unit system (k = 1.318 for US customary units, k = 0.849 for SI units) C is a roughness coefficient; R is the hydraulic radius (in ft for US customary units, in m for SI units) S is the slope of the energy line (head loss per length of pipe or h f /L)

  6. Hydraulic jumps in rectangular channels - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_Jumps_in...

    Hydraulic jump in a rectangular channel, also known as classical jump, is a natural phenomenon that occurs whenever flow changes from supercritical to subcritical flow. In this transition, the water surface rises abruptly, surface rollers are formed, intense mixing occurs, air is entrained, and often a large amount of energy is dissipated.

  7. Machine-readable document - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine-readable_document

    The Portable Document Format (PDF) is a file format used to present documents in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems. Each PDF file encapsulates a complete description of the presentation of the document, including the text, fonts, graphics, and other information needed to display it.

  8. Hydraulic manifold - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_manifold

    A manifold is composed of assorted hydraulic valves connected to each other. It is the various combinations of states of these valves that allow complex control behaviour in a manifold. [ 1 ] [ citation needed ] A hydraulic manifold is a block of metal with flow paths drilled through it, connecting various ports. [ 2 ]

  9. GDSII - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDSII

    It is a binary file format representing planar geometric shapes, text labels, and other information about the layout in hierarchical form (two-dimensional/2D CAD file format). The data can be used to reconstruct all or part of the artwork to be used in sharing layouts, transferring artwork between different tools, or creating photomasks .