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Patanjali is often stated as having claimed there was a hostility between the orthodox Brahminic (Astika) groups and the heterodox, nAstika groups (Buddhism, Jainism, and atheists), like that between a mongoose and a snake. [60] Nathan McGovern argues Patanjali never used this mongoose-snake analogy. [61]
Maharishi Mahesh Yogi (1918–2008) was an Indian guru, known for developing the Transcendental Meditation technique and for his association with the Beatles. The title was also used by or credited to Valmiki, Patanjali and Dayananda Sarasvati. [17] [18] [19]
The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali was translated into Old Javanese by Indonesian Hindus, and the text was called Dharma Patanjala. [115] The surviving text has been dated to about 1450 CE; however, it is unclear if this text is a copy of an earlier translation and whether other translations existed in Indonesia.
Bromley writes that "TM incorporates the teachings of Krishna, the Buddha, and Shankara" and that the Maharishi says he has "rediscovered a lost form of meditation that traces back to the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali. [108] Alternative medicine author Vimal Patel writes that the Maharishi derived TM from Patanjali's Yoga. [109]
Patanjali begins by stating that all limbs of yoga are a necessary foundation to reaching the state of self-awareness, freedom and liberation. He refers to the three last limbs of yoga as samyama , in verses III.4 to III.5, and calls it the technology for "discerning principle" and mastery of citta and self-knowledge.
Yogamaharishi Dr Swami Gitananda Giri Guru Maharaj was born on 24 July 1907, in Maharajganj, northern India, to an Irish mother and a Sindhi father. His father, Sukraj Bhavanani, was a High court Advocate in the Patna High Court and an extensive landowner.
Vethathiri Maharishi (1911 - 2006) Indian yoga guru, philosopher and spiritual leader, Aliyar Tamilnadu State; Vadiraja Tirtha (1480–1600) Vasugupta (~ 800–850 CE), author of the Shiva Sutras in Kashmiri Shaivism; Vedanta Desika, SriVaishnava Philosopher and Guru (c. 1268 – c. 1369) Vidyaranya (c. 1268 – c. 1386) Vidyadheesh Teertha Swamiji
Book 3 of Patanjali's Yogasutra is dedicated to soteriological aspects of yoga philosophy. Patanjali begins by stating that all limbs of yoga are necessary foundation to reaching the state of self-awareness, freedom and liberation.