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Archival research lies at the heart of most academic and other forms of original historical research; but it is frequently also undertaken (in conjunction with parallel research methodologies) in other disciplines within the humanities and social sciences, including literary studies, rhetoric, [4] [5] archaeology, sociology, human geography, anthropology, psychology, and organizational studies ...
Library science (previously termed library studies and library economy) [note 1] is an interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary field that applies the practices, perspectives, and tools of management, information technology, education, and other areas to libraries; the collection, organization, preservation, and dissemination of information resources; and the political economy of information.
An archive is an accumulation of historical records or materials – in any medium – or the physical facility in which they are located. [1] [2]Archives contain primary source documents that have accumulated over the course of an individual or organization's lifetime, and are kept to show the history and function of that person or organization.
Archival science emerged from diplomatics, the critical analysis of documents. [3] [4] In 1540, Jacob von Rammingen (1510–1582) wrote the manuscript of the earliest known archival manual. He was an expert on registries (Registraturen), the German word for what later became known as archives. [5]
Archives represent the activities of a person, family or organization that are created and accumulated naturally in the course of their ordinary activities. [10] In contrast to the items in a library, therefore, all the items in an archival collection share a relationship. [2]
Worn books at the library of Merton College, Oxford. For archival criteria, the following are evidence of significance: uniqueness, irreplaceability, high level of impact – over time or place, high level of influence, representation of a type, and; comparative value (rarity, completeness, integrity relative to others of its kind). [28]
Research data archiving is the long-term storage of scholarly research data, including the natural sciences, social sciences, and life sciences.The various academic journals have differing policies regarding how much of their data and methods researchers are required to store in a public archive, and what is actually archived varies widely between different disciplines.
DACS consists of two parts: Part I, Describing Archival Materials, and Part II, Archival Authority Records. [3] DACS is concerned with providing a framework for creating useful tools for researchers in archives through the description of records, historical agents, historical activities, and the relationships between them. [4]