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  2. Misuse of statistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misuse_of_statistics

    Statistics, when used in a misleading fashion, can trick the casual observer into believing something other than what the data shows. That is, a misuse of statistics occurs when a statistical argument asserts a falsehood. In some cases, the misuse may be accidental. In others, it is purposeful and for the gain of the perpetrator.

  3. False positives and false negatives - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_positives_and_false...

    The false positive rate is equal to the significance level. The specificity of the test is equal to 1 minus the false positive rate. In statistical hypothesis testing, this fraction is given the Greek letter α, and 1 − α is defined as the specificity of the test. Increasing the specificity of the test lowers the probability of type I errors ...

  4. Type III error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_III_error

    Since the paired notions of type I errors (or "false positives") and type II errors (or "false negatives") that were introduced by Neyman and Pearson are now widely used, their choice of terminology ("errors of the first kind" and "errors of the second kind"), has led others to suppose that certain sorts of mistakes that they have identified ...

  5. Type I and type II errors - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_I_and_type_II_errors

    False negatives produce serious and counter-intuitive problems, especially when the condition being searched for is common. If a test with a false negative rate of only 10% is used to test a population with a true occurrence rate of 70%, many of the negatives detected by the test will be false.

  6. Confusion of the inverse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confusion_of_the_inverse

    In order to identify individuals having a serious disease in an early curable form, one may consider screening a large group of people. While the benefits are obvious, an argument against such screenings is the disturbance caused by false positive screening results: If a person not having the disease is incorrectly found to have it by the initial test, they will most likely be distressed, and ...

  7. Disinformation vs misinformation: How to spot fake news on ...

    www.aol.com/disinformation-vs-misinformation...

    Fake news, literally, means any false information distributed by a news outlet or related to current events. ... Here is an example of a mock-up image seen on X. This is a fake image of the Pope ...

  8. Misleading graph - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misleading_graph

    For example, log scales may give a height of 1 for a value of 10 in the data and a height of 6 for a value of 1,000,000 (10 6) in the data. Log scales and variants are commonly used, for instance, for the volcanic explosivity index, the Richter scale for earthquakes, the magnitude of stars, and the pH of acidic and alkaline solutions.

  9. What Really Causes a False Positive COVID-19 Test? Experts ...

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/false-positive-covid-19...

    First, a crash course in virus testing vocabulary: “Sensitivity” measures a test’s ability to accurately identify people who have COVID-19, Dr. Baird says.