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String theory is a theoretical framework that attempts to address these questions. The starting point for string theory is the idea that the point-like particles of particle physics can also be modeled as one-dimensional objects called strings. String theory describes how strings propagate through space and interact with each other.
In string theory and related theories (such as supergravity theories), a brane is a physical object that generalizes the notion of a zero-dimensional point particle, a one-dimensional string, or a two-dimensional membrane to higher-dimensional objects.
In string theory, the strings may be open (forming a segment with two endpoints) or closed (forming a loop like a circle) and may have other special properties. [1] Prior to 1995, there were five known versions of string theory incorporating the idea of supersymmetry (these five are known as superstring theories) and two versions without supersymmetry known as bosonic string theories, which ...
The Veneziano formula was quickly generalized to an equally consistent N-particle amplitude [1] for which Yoichiro Nambu, [2] Holger Bech Nielsen, [3] and Leonard Susskind [4] provided a physical interpretation in terms of an infinite number of simple harmonic oscillators describing the motion of an extended one-dimensional string, hence came ...
String theory is a branch of theoretical physics that attempts to build a theory of quantum gravity using one-dimensional strings rather than zero-dimensional point particles as fundamental building blocks. The name string theory is somewhat of a misnomer since the modern theory also includes higher dimensional objects known as branes
In physics, the Polyakov action is an action of the two-dimensional conformal field theory describing the worldsheet of a string in string theory.It was introduced by Stanley Deser and Bruno Zumino and independently by L. Brink, P. Di Vecchia and P. S. Howe in 1976, [1] [2] and has become associated with Alexander Polyakov after he made use of it in quantizing the string in 1981. [3]
The equations of motion of string theory require that the endpoints of an open string (a string with endpoints) satisfy one of two types of boundary conditions: The Neumann boundary condition, corresponding to free endpoints moving through spacetime at the speed of light, or the Dirichlet boundary conditions, which pin the string endpoint.
Bosonic string theory; Superstring theory. Type I string; Type II string. Type IIA string theory; Type IIB string theory; Heterotic string; N=2 superstring; M-theory. Matrix theory; Introduction to M-theory; F-theory; String field theory; Matrix string theory; Nonlinear sigma model; Tachyon condensation; RNS formalism; String theory landscape ...