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Data and information visualization (data viz/vis or info viz/vis) [2] is the practice of designing and creating easy-to-communicate and easy-to-understand graphic or visual representations of a large amount [3] of complex quantitative and qualitative data and information with the help of static, dynamic or interactive visual items.
In computer science, data (treated as singular, plural, or as a mass noun) is any sequence of one or more symbols; datum is a single symbol of data. Data requires interpretation to become information. Digital data is data that is represented using the binary number system of ones (1) and zeros (0), instead of analog representation. In modern ...
Data collection or data gathering is the process of gathering and measuring information on targeted variables in an established system, which then enables one to answer relevant questions and evaluate outcomes. The data may also be collected from sensors in the environment, including traffic cameras, satellites, recording devices, etc.
A standard representation of the pyramid form of DIKW models, from 2007 and earlier [1] [2]. The DIKW pyramid, also known variously as the knowledge pyramid, knowledge hierarchy, information hierarchy, [1]: 163 DIKW hierarchy, wisdom hierarchy, data pyramid, and information pyramid, [citation needed] sometimes also stylized as a chain, [3]: 15 [4] refer to models of possible structural and ...
Information may be structured as data. Redundant data can be compressed up to an optimal size, which is the theoretical limit of compression. The information available through a collection of data may be derived by analysis. For example, a restaurant collects data from every customer order.
Example of data collection in the biological sciences: Adélie penguins are identified and weighed each time they cross the automated weighbridge on their way to or from the sea. [ 1 ] Data collection or data gathering is the process of gathering and measuring information on targeted variables in an established system, which then enables one to ...
Data-Flow Diagram example [19] A data-flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of the "flow" of data through an information system. It differs from the flowchart as it shows the data flow instead of the control flow of the program. A data-flow diagram can also be used for the visualization of data processing (structured design
The term data processing has mostly been subsumed by the more general term information technology (IT). [5] The older term "data processing" is suggestive of older technologies. For example, in 1996 the Data Processing Management Association (DPMA) changed its name to the Association of Information Technology Professionals. Nevertheless, the ...