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Diagram of a structure featuring plastic hinges. In the structural engineering beam theory, plastic hinge is the deformation of a section of a beam where plastic bending occurs. [1] In earthquake engineering plastic hinge is also a type of energy damping device allowing plastic rotation [deformation] of an otherwise rigid column connection. [2]
Concrete hinges are hinges produced out of concrete, with little or no steel in the hinge neck, which allows a rotation without a significant bending moment. [1] The high rotations [2] [3] result from controlled tensile cracks as well as creep. [4] [3] [1] Concrete hinges are mostly used in bridge engineering [1] as monolithic, simple, economic ...
In reinforced concrete structures, the damage state variable quantifies the crack density in the plastic hinge zone; [1] in unreinforced concrete components and steel beams, it is a dimensionless measure of the crack surface; [2] in tubular steel elements, the damage variable measures the degree of local buckling [3] The LDM evolution laws can ...
This is a list of building materials.. Many types of building materials are used in the construction industry to create buildings and structures.These categories of materials and products are used by architects and construction project managers to specify the materials and methods used for building projects.
A laser cut plywood box with two living hinges. A variant on the kerf bend can be used to create living hinges in laser cut wood. The technique is popular for making light-duty hinges with large radii. [7] It is also possible to create a living wood joint by hand, but the result is less accurate. [8]
The last are used in concrete-steel composite structures as shear connectors. [6] Other uses include anchoring machines to poured concrete floors [7] and buildings to their concrete foundations. Various typically disposable aids, mainly of plastic, are produced to secure and align cast-in-place anchors prior to concrete placement.
A precast concrete walled house under construction An example of low-quality precast concrete with exposed dowels, connectors, indications of cracks, and malformations, even during its installation, Barangay Lantic, Carmona, Cavite, Philippines Interior view of the walls, supports, and roof of a precast commercial shop in Williston, North Dakota, US.
In structural engineering, the plastic moment (M p) is a property of a structural section. It is defined as the moment at which the entire cross section has reached its yield stress . This is theoretically the maximum bending moment that the section can resist – when this point is reached a plastic hinge is formed and any load beyond this ...