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Download as PDF; Printable version; ... "A Gaussian quadrature procedure for use in the solution of the Boltzmann equation and related problems". J. Comput.
The continuous problem is broken into discrete intervals; quadrature or numerical integration determines the weights and locations of representative points for the integral. The problem becomes a system of linear equations with equations and unknowns, and the underlying function is implicitly represented by an interpolation using the chosen ...
In mathematics, Fredholm's theorems are a set of celebrated results of Ivar Fredholm in the Fredholm theory of integral equations.There are several closely related theorems, which may be stated in terms of integral equations, in terms of linear algebra, or in terms of the Fredholm operator on Banach spaces.
This simplifies the theory and algorithms considerably. The problem of evaluating integrals is thus best studied in its own right. Conversely, the term "quadrature" may also be used for the solution of differential equations: "solving by quadrature" or "reduction to quadrature" means expressing its solution in terms of integrals.
Let (,) be an integral kernel, and consider the homogeneous equation, the Fredholm integral equation, (,) =and the inhomogeneous equation (,) = ().The Fredholm alternative is the statement that, for every non-zero fixed complex number, either the first equation has a non-trivial solution, or the second equation has a solution for all ().
A line integral (sometimes called a path integral) is an integral where the function to be integrated is evaluated along a curve. [42] Various different line integrals are in use. In the case of a closed curve it is also called a contour integral. The function to be integrated may be a scalar field or a vector field.
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In mathematics, Fredholm theory is a theory of integral equations. In the narrowest sense, Fredholm theory concerns itself with the solution of the Fredholm integral equation. In a broader sense, the abstract structure of Fredholm's theory is given in terms of the spectral theory of Fredholm operators and Fredholm kernels on Hilbert space.