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  2. Sensitivity and specificity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensitivity_and_specificity

    Sensitivity and specificity values alone may be highly misleading. The 'worst-case' sensitivity or specificity must be calculated in order to avoid reliance on experiments with few results. For example, a particular test may easily show 100% sensitivity if tested against the gold standard four times, but a single additional test against the ...

  3. Biological specificity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_specificity

    Biological specificity is the tendency of a characteristic such as a behavior or a biochemical variation to occur in a particular species. Biochemist Linus Pauling stated that "Biological specificity is the set of characteristics of living organisms or constituents of living organisms of being special or doing something special.

  4. Sensitivity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensitivity

    Sensitivity (physiology), the ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli Sensory processing sensitivity, a personality trait in humans; Sensitivity and specificity, statistical measures of the performance of binary classification tests; Allergic sensitivity, the strength of a reaction to an allergen

  5. False positives and false negatives - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_positives_and_false...

    The specificity of the test is equal to 1 minus the false positive rate. In statistical hypothesis testing, this fraction is given the Greek letter α, and 1 − α is defined as the specificity of the test. Increasing the specificity of the test lowers the probability of type I errors, but may raise the probability of type II errors (false ...

  6. Seroconversion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seroconversion

    Because seroconversion refers to detectability by standard techniques, seropositivity status depends on the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. As a result, assays, like any serum test, may give false positives or false negatives and should be confirmed if used for diagnosis or treatment. [5]

  7. Environmental sensitivity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_sensitivity

    Environmental sensitivity describes the ability of an individual to perceive and process information about their environment. [1] [2] [3] It is a basic trait found in many organisms that enables an individual to adapt to different environmental conditions. Levels of Environmental Sensitivity often vary considerably from individual to individual ...

  8. Receptor (biochemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor_(biochemistry)

    Cells can increase or decrease (downregulate) the number of receptors to a given hormone or neurotransmitter to alter their sensitivity to different molecules. This is a locally acting feedback mechanism.

  9. Biomarker - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomarker

    In cell biology, a biomarker is a molecule that allows the detection and isolation of a particular cell type (for example, the protein Oct-4 is used as a biomarker to identify embryonic stem cells). [33] In genetics, a biomarker (identified as genetic marker) is a DNA sequence that causes disease or is associated with susceptibility to disease ...