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  2. Residual-current device - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residual-current_device

    A residual-current device (RCD), residual-current circuit breaker (RCCB) or ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) [a] is an electrical safety device that interrupts an electrical circuit when the current passing through a conductor is not equal and opposite in both directions, therefore indicating leakage current to ground or current flowing to another powered conductor.

  3. Ground and neutral - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_and_neutral

    A ground conductor only carries significant current if there is a circuit fault that would otherwise energize exposed conductive parts and present a shock hazard. In that case, circuit protection devices may detect a fault to a grounded metal enclosure and automatically de-energize the circuit, or may provide a warning of a ground fault.

  4. Double switching - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_switching

    On the other hand double switching is inherently less prone to wrong side failures; it helps overcome short-circuit faults that are hard to test for. Partial double switching might double switch the lever controls, and the track circuits between one signal and the next, while single switching the track circuits in the less critical overlap ...

  5. Electrical fault - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_fault

    In transmission line faults, roughly 5% - 10% are asymmetric line-to-line faults. [2] line-to-ground fault - a short circuit between one line and ground, very often caused by physical contact, for example due to lightning or other storm damage. In transmission line faults, roughly 65% - 70% are asymmetric line-to-ground faults. [2]

  6. Electrical wiring in North America - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_wiring_in_North...

    The Code gives rules for calculating circuit loading and maximum ampacity. Ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) protection is required on receptacles in wet locations and locations where there exists an easy path for fault current to travel to earth. This includes all receptacles intended to service kitchen counter surfaces, crawl spaces at ...

  7. Recloser - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recloser

    If the fault is on an adjacent circuit to the customer, the customer may see several brief "dips" (sags) in voltage as the heavy fault current flows into the adjacent circuit and is interrupted one or more times. A typical manifestation would be the dip, or intermittent black-out, of domestic lighting during an electrical storm.

  8. Electrical wiring - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_wiring

    For very large currents in generating stations or substations, where it is difficult to provide circuit protection, an isolated-phase bus is used. Each phase of the circuit is run in a separate grounded metal enclosure. The only fault possible is a phase-to-ground fault, since the enclosures are separated.

  9. Extra-low voltage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extra-low_voltage

    The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and the UK IET (BS 7671:2008) define an ELV device or circuit as one in which the electrical potential between two conductors or between an electrical conductor and Earth (ground) is limited to 120 volts (V) for ripple-free direct current (DC) or 50 V RMS (root mean square volts) for ...

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