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In mathematics, the tensor algebra of a vector space V, denoted T(V) or T • (V), is the algebra of tensors on V (of any rank) with multiplication being the tensor product.It is the free algebra on V, in the sense of being left adjoint to the forgetful functor from algebras to vector spaces: it is the "most general" algebra containing V, in the sense of the corresponding universal property ...
[a] [1] [2] [3] It is also the modern name for what used to be called the absolute differential calculus (the foundation of tensor calculus), tensor calculus or tensor analysis developed by Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro in 1887–1896, and subsequently popularized in a paper written with his pupil Tullio Levi-Civita in 1900. [4]
Tensor algebra In the tensor algebra T(V) of a vector space V, the operation becomes a normal (internal) binary operation. A consequence is that T(V) has infinite dimension unless V has dimension 0. The free algebra on a set X is for practical purposes the same as the tensor algebra on the vector space with X as basis.
The tensor powers of , denoted (), are equipped with the projective norm ‖ ‖ (see Topological tensor product, note that rough path theory in fact works for a more general class of norms). Let T ( n ) ( R d ) {\displaystyle T^{(n)}(\mathbb {R} ^{d})} be the truncated tensor algebra
“Any linear map from to an algebra can be uniquely extended to an algebra homomorphism from () to .” This statement is an initial property of the tensor algebra since it expresses the fact that the pair ( T ( V ) , i ) {\displaystyle (T(V),i)} , where i : V → U ( T ( V ) ) {\displaystyle i:V\to U(T(V))} is the inclusion map, is a ...
A tensor algebra comes with a tensor product (the internal one); it can also be equipped with a second tensor product, the "external" one, or the coproduct, having the form above. That they are two different products is emphasized by recalling that the internal tensor product of a vector and a scalar is just simple scalar multiplication.
Vector and tensor calculus in general curvilinear coordinates is used in tensor analysis on four-dimensional curvilinear manifolds in general relativity, [8] in the mechanics of curved shells, [6] in examining the invariance properties of Maxwell's equations which has been of interest in metamaterials [9] [10] and in many other fields.
A metric tensor is a (symmetric) (0, 2)-tensor; it is thus possible to contract an upper index of a tensor with one of the lower indices of the metric tensor in the product. This produces a new tensor with the same index structure as the previous tensor, but with lower index generally shown in the same position of the contracted upper index.