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A weight-distributing hitch is a "load leveling" hitch. It is a hitch setup mounted on the tow vehicle that uses spring bars and chains under tension to distribute part of the trailer's hitch weight from the towing vehicle's rear axle to the towing vehicle's front axle and to the trailer's axle(s). It can help reduce trailer sway and hop.
An important factor in towing safety is 'tongue weight', the weight with which the trailer presses down on the tow vehicle's hitch. Insufficient tongue weight can cause the trailer to sway back and forth when towed. Too much tongue weight can cause problems with the tow vehicle. [1]
As trailer weight ratings have increased, engine characteristics like horsepower and torque, thermal performance and driveline durability are no longer the only significant factors in determining trailering capability. Combination vehicle dynamics and tow-vehicle hitch/attachment structure have gained in significance.
A large ballast tractor pulling a load using a drawbar General duty tow hitch from VBG on a truck and a drawbar on a trailer, showing a connected drawbar eye Rockinger drawbar coupling, in which the drawbar eye gets locked. A drawbar is a solid coupling between a hauling vehicle and its hauled load. Drawbars are in common use with rail ...
There are also several sizes and weight categories of tow truck. The lightest models are usually based on light truck and van chassis offering boom and tow weights of around 5 to 10 short tons (4.5–9.1 metric tons), making them ideal for car towing. Medium-duty tow trucks have a boom capacity of 15 to 20 short tons (14–18 metric tons).
The corresponding formula for a truck and trailer combination, used to determine the required D-value of a coupling, is: T = Weight of towing vehicle including the vertical load on the fifth wheel R = Total weight of the loaded semi-trailer U = Vertical load on the fifth wheel g = Acceleration due to gravity (assumed to be 9.81 m/s 2 )
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