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In the case of a freestream flow past a cylinder, three methods may be employed to control the boundary layer separation that occurs due to the adverse pressure gradient. [6] Rotation of the cylinder can reduce or eliminate the boundary layer that is formed on the side which is moving in the same direction as the freestream.
Deforestation, and conversion of grasslands to desert, may also lead to cooling of the regional climate. This is because of the albedo effect (sunlight reflected by bare ground) during the day, and rapid radiation of heat into space at night, due to the lack of vegetation and atmospheric moisture. [18]
The patterns guide design modifications, aiming to reduce the drag. This task is known as streamlining , and the resulting design is referred to as being streamlined . Streamlined objects and organisms, like airfoils , streamliners , cars and dolphins are often aesthetically pleasing to the eye.
Climate scientist Kevin Anderson raised concern about the growing effect of air transport on the climate in a paper[13] and a presentation[14] in 2008. He has pointed out that even at a reduced annual rate of increase in UK passenger air travel and with the government's targeted emissions reductions in other energy use sectors, by 2030 aviation ...
The “world’s largest” plant designed to suck planet-heating pollution out of the atmosphere like a giant vacuum began operating in Iceland on Wednesday. “Mammoth” is the second ...
Typically, due to aerodynamic drag, there is a wind gradient in the wind flow ~100 meters above the Earth's surface—the surface layer of the planetary boundary layer. Wind speed increases with increasing height above the ground, starting from zero [4] due to the no-slip condition. [5]
Climate engineering (or geoengineering, climate intervention [1]) is the intentional large-scale alteration of the planetary environment to counteract anthropogenic climate change. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The term has been used as an umbrella term for both carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation modification when applied at a planetary scale.
Short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) have a relatively short lifetime in the atmosphere – a few days to a few decades – and a powerful warming influence on climate.. The main short-lived climate pollutants are black carbon, methane and tropospheric ozone, which are the most important contributors to the human enhancement of the global greenhouse effect after C